Overall transformation : Ar-H to Ar-R
Named after Friedel and Crafts who discovered the reaction in 1877.
Reagent : normally the alkyl halide (e.g. R-Br or R-Cl) with aluminum trichloride, AlCl3, a Lewis acid catalyst.
The AlCl3 enhances the electrophilicity of the alkyl halide by complexing with the halide.
Electrophilic species : the carbocation (i.e. R +) formed by the "removal" of the halide by the Lewis acid catalyst
The reactive electrophile, the carbocation is prone to rearrangement to a more stable carbocation which will then undergo the alkylation reaction.

Friedel-Crafts reactions are limited to arenes as or more reactive than mono-halobenzenes
Other Lewis acids such as BF3, FeCl3 or ZnCl2 can also be used
Other sources of carbocations can also be used:
from loss of water from alcohols treated with acid such as H2SO4
from the protonation of alkenes by acid such as H2SO4
Alkylation products can also be obtained by the reduction of Friedel-Crafts acylation products
Answer:
Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
Explanation:
According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, fabrication involves making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
It does not involve using another person's ideas or words without giving appropriate credit or a failure to list a collaborator as an author or mismanaging research funds.
Answer:
They help by:
Explanation:
Automated haul trucks and drilling machines are being tested in mines across the world. Sensors at the tip of drill bits are measuring ore grade in real time, and data analytics is being used to discover new deposits of precious metals. In oil and gas, underwater robots fix gas pipelines off the coast and drones inspect offshore oil rigs. Crawling well-drilling machines drill multiple wells quickly and accurately one after another. These are just some of the many ways technology is transforming the demand and supply of resources.
Answer:
- Robbie: individualistic orientation.
- Sean: collectivistic orientation.
Explanation:
Robbie, as the great majority of Western-Civilization boys and girls, is growing up inside an individualistic culture, where autonomy and personal identity are the cornerstones of social approval.
On the other hand, Sean, like many other boys and girls living in Eastern countries, is growing up in a collectivistic culture, where unity and selflessness are highly valued within the community.
Hi there! Hopefully this helps!
The answer is B; The permanent migration of people from Germany to France.
<em>Remember: </em>If the movement is on the same continent, we say intracontinental migration.
Germany and France are on the same continent; Europe.
