A cladogram is a branching diagram that shows the cladistic relationship between a number species. It comes from the greek clados meaning branch and gramma meaning character. It is not to be confused with an evolutionary tree since it does not show the relationship between ancestors and descendants plus it also lacks the ability to show how they have changed over time. The major components of a cladogram are the tip (the start of the lineage), root (the end of the lineage) and node (where two or more lineages combine).
Vestigial structures are considered evidence since scientists believe they are structures that were once used by a species ancestors but are no longer needed. They do not impair the organisms in any way, so there is no need for evolution to get rid of them. Vestigial structures are anatomical features that no longer seems to have a function or purpose in the current form of an organism of the given species. Examples are wisdom teeth, the muscles of the ear, the appendix, the tail bone among others in human.
The environmental effects of an individual or group in terms of resources used and waste produced is an individual or group's ecological footprint (option A).
<h3>What is ecological footprint?</h3>
Ecological footprint is the measure of how much biologically productive land and water area an individual, population or activity requires to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates using prevailing technology and resource management practices.
Living organisms make use of resources in the environment and these can either leave negative or positive effect on the environment that will affect sustainability.
Therefore, it can be said that the environmental effects of an individual or group in terms of resources used and waste produced is an individual or group's ecological footprint.
Learn more about ecological footprint at:brainly.com/question/14441911
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C. Mammary gland. Hope this helps!
