In your discussion consider a SN2 reaction mechanism concept. Propose a modification of experimental procedure that would improv
e reaction yield. Give an example of another method of ether synthesis. Illustrate it with drawn reaction scheme; describe it in few sentences.
1 answer:
Answer:
Here's what I get
Explanation:
You may have done a Williamson synthesis of guaifenesin by reacting guaiacol with 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol.
A. Mechanism
Step 1
NaOH converts guaiacol into a phenoxide ion.
Step 2
The phenoxide acts as the nucleophile in an SN2 reaction to displace the Cl from the alkyl halide.
B. Improve the yield
You probably carried out the reaction in ethanol solution — a polar protic solvent.
You might try doing the reaction in a polar aprotic solvent— perhaps DMSO.
A polar aprotic solvent does not hydrogen bond to nucleophiles, so they become stronger.
C. Another method of ether synthesis —dehydration of alcohols
Sulfuric acid catalyzes the conversion of primary alcohols to ethers.
This is also a nucleophilic displacement reaction.
Protonation of the OH converts it into a better leaving group.
Attack by a second molecule of alcohol forms the protonated ether.
A molecule of water then removes the proton.
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The given question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows.
A solution contains an unknown mass of dissolved barium ions. When sodium sulfate is added to the solution, a white precipitate forms. The precipitate is filtered and dried and then found to have a mass of 212 mg. What mass of barium was in the original solution? (Assume that all of the barium was precipitated out of solution by the reaction.)
Explanation:
When and
are added then white precipitate forms. And, reaction equation for this is as follows.
It is given that mass (m) is 212 mg or 0.212 g (as 1 g = 1000 mg). Molecular weight of is 233.43.
Now, we will calculate the number of moles as follows.
No. of moles = mass × M.W
=
= 0.00091 mol of
Hence, it means that 0.00091 mol of . Now, we will calculate the mass as follows.
Mass = moles × MW
=
= 0.124 grams or 124 mg of barium
Thus, we can conclude that mass of barium into the original solution is 124 mg.