<span>The Phylogenetic trees are also commonly referred to as the Evolutionary Tree. This tree shows the inferred relationship between a certain set of organisms or group of organisms which are called as taxa. The tip of the branch represent the taxa and the node of the branch is for the ancestor. </span>
Answer:
Proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely attached molecules that can move around
Explanation:
Cell membranes are mainly composed of lipids, proteins, and also carbohydrates. Phospholipids are the most abundant type of lipid and the main constituent of the cell membranes. Membrane proteins are divided into two types according to their interactions with the cell membrane: 1-integral (intrinsic) and peripheral (extrinsic) proteins. These peripheral proteins are loosely attached by ionic bonds or calcium bridges with the phosphate heads of the phospholipids; whereas integral membrane proteins contain side chains that interact with fatty acyl groups of the phospholipids. Cell membrane fluidity indicates how easily lipids (e.g., phospholipids and cholesterol) and proteins (e.g., intrinsic proteins) diffuse laterally in the cell membrane. This fluidity is affected by the amount of cholesterol, temperature, and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain, whereas unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond (these double bonds increase fluidity). Moreover, higher temperatures increase membrane fluidity, whereas cholesterol molecules function to regulate membrane fluidity: at high temperatures cholesterol molecules stabilize the membrane, whereas at low temperatures intercalate between phospholipids, thereby preventing them from clustering together.
Answer:
In sonographic measurements performed in the transverse view, the diameter of aorta (Ao) constituted 15.7 mm, the longer dimension of the inferior vena cava (IVC1) equaled 28.4 mm and the shorter one (IVC2) – 15.5 mm. In the longitudinal view, Ao equaled 15.3 mm and IVC – 18.8 mm (tab.
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