Garrod hypothesized that "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur because...genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.
Explanation:
Archibald Garrod researched on alkaptonuria and proposed the ‘one gene-one enzyme’ hypothesis. This led to the finding that alkaptonuria is caused due to an inherited or “inborn error of metabolism”.
This hypothesis stated that each gene codes and responsible for a single specific enzyme which facilitates a particular step in the metabolic processes.
According to Garrod, a mutation of a particular gene leads to specific error or defect leading to a lack of a particular enzyme that takes part in the biochemical metabolic pathways. This disrupts the metabolic pathway at the specific enzymatic action point.
In alkaptonuria, it was found that the defective phenotype of dark urine is due to the inborn error happening during the waste elimination process.
Answer:
The correct answer is b. Alcohol consumption and smoking can affect men's sperm and are associated with known birth defects.
Explanation:
According to different observational studies, it has been concluded that approximately the concentration of sperm in optimal conditions, taking into account its morphology and movements, is reduced by 13% for smokers compared to non-smokers. In addition to 25 other studies of the same type that have been carried out, which lead to the conclusion that the consumption of substances such as alcohol and tobacco, are harmful to male fertility and can also lead to the development of some inherited disorders such as cancer Autism spectrum disorder, among others.
