The process of formation of a reddish-brown substance on the surface of the iron objects in the presence of flaky moisture and air is called rusting.
Answer:L=109.16 m
Explanation:
Given
initial temperature 
Final Temperature 
mass flow rate of cold fluid 
Initial Geothermal water temperature 
Let final Temperature be T
mass flow rate of geothermal water 
diameter of inner wall 

specific heat of water 
balancing energy
Heat lost by hot fluid=heat gained by cold Fluid




As heat exchanger is counter flow therefore





heat lost or gain by Fluid is equal to heat transfer in the heat exchanger
(LMTD)




Answers A and C can be automatically eliminated because evaporation has to do with the water cycle and magnetism has to do with electric current and such. Next we can eliminate B or distillation because it also has to do with water/liquids. Therefore, the answer is D or filtration because it is the only answer left.
I hope this helps!