Answer: d. There is no relationship between education level and smoking habits.
Step-by-step explanation:
The null hypothesis is the affirmation that two parameters or phenomena do not have a relation between them.
Here the parameters are smoking and having a bachelor's degree or higher education.
Then the null hypothesis says that those two things do not have any relation, this would imply that the probability of being a smoker does not depend on having a degree or not.
Then the correct option is d "There is no relationship between education level and smoking habits."
Answer:
The last answer choice
Step-by-step explanation:
This transformation doesn't not keep its congruent
