Answer:
- In terrestrial environments: increasing CO2 levels cause an increased photosynthetic rate
- In aquatic environments: increasing CO2 levels cause an increase in water acidity
- In both terrestrial and aquatic environments: increasing CO2 levels lead to an overall increase in the average temperature (global warming)
Explanation:
In terrestrial ecosystems, rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels increase the rate of photosynthesis (since CO2 is one of the reactants in photosynthesis), thereby also increasing plant growth. Moreover, in aquatic ecosystems, rising CO2 concentrations increase the levels of this gas dissolved on the surface of the oceans. This increases the acidity of the oceans, thereby modifying habitats and food web structures. The increasing acidity of the oceans also reduces the amounts of carbonate, which difficult for aquatic species (e.g., corals) to form their shells/skeletons. Finally, CO2 is a greenhouse gas that contributes to the increase in the average temperature by absorbing solar radiation that would otherwise have been reflected by the Earth's surface, and this increase in the temperature negatively affects life in both terrestrial and aquatic environments.
Answer:
PFFT this might help? sorry if not mate
Explanation:
Cell cycle checkpoint controls play a major role in preventing the development of cancer [see Sherr, 1994, for a more detailed discussion]. Major checkpoints occur at the G1 to S phase transition and at the G2 to M phase transitions. Cancer is a genetic disease that arises from defects in growth-promoting oncogenes and growth-suppressing tumor suppressor genes. The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a role in both the G1/S phase and G2/M phase checkpoints. The mechanism for this activity at the G1/S phase checkpoint is well understood, but its mechanism of action at the G2/M phase checkpoint remains to be elucidated. The p53 protein is thought to prevent chromosomal replication specifically during the cell cycle if DNA damage is present. In addition, p53 can induce a type of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, under certain circumstances. The general goal of p53 appears to be the prevention of cell propagation if mutations are present. The p53 protein acts as a transcription factor by binding to certain specific genes and regulating their expression. One of these, WAF1 or Cip1, is activated by p53 and is an essential downstream mediator of p53-dependent G1/S phase checkpoint control. The function of p53 can be suppressed by another gene, MDM2, which is overexpressed in certain tumorigenic mouse cells and binds to p53 protein, thus inhibiting its transcriptional activation function. Other cellular proteins have been found to bind to p53, but the significance of the associations is not completely understood in all cases. The large number of human cancers in which the p53 gene is altered makes this gene a good candidate for cancer screening approaches.
D. sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
Answer:
A) they help transport some substances through the membrane.
Explanation:
The membrane proteins that span the bilayer of phospholipids help in the transport of polar, large and charged substances across the membrane. The nonpolar core of the membrane does not allow these charged and polar substances to pass through. Proteins serving as channels form pores to allow movement of the specific substances.
On the other hand, carrier transport proteins of the membrane bind to the substances present at one side of the membrane and deliver them to the opposite side.
Answer:
A) Ice cream starts dripping down the sides of an ice cream cone: melting
B) Fog is created by using dry ice: sublimation
C) Frost forms on trees on a very cold day: deposition
D) The mirror gets fogged up when you breathe on it: condensation
E) Your wet hair dries after a few minutes: evaporation
F) Liquid glass cools and hardens : freezing
Explanation:
Sublimation process where solid state changes to gaseous state by escaping liquid state.
Deposition process where gaseous state changes to solid state by escaping liquid state.
Condensation process where gaseous state changes to liquid state.
Melting is the process where solid state changes to liquid state.
Evaporation process is a process where liquid state changes to gaseous state.
Freezing is the process in which liquid changes to solid state.
