Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease are called pathogens. Although microorganisms that cause disease often receive the most attention, it is important to note that most microorganisms do not cause disease. In fact, many probably provide some protection against harmful microorganisms because they effectively compete with the harmful organisms for resources, preventing them from growing.
Limestone deposits can help researchers learn about what the area was like thousands of years ago as Limestone can contain fossilized plants and animals.
Explanation:
- Limestone often contains fossils of shelled sea creatures. Entire reef formations and communities of organisms are found preserved in limestone.
- The types of fossils found in limestone include coral, algae, clams, brachiopods, bryozoa and crinoids.
- Limestone is a sedimentary rock made almost entirely of fossils.
- Fossils are the remains of ancient plants and animals, like an imprint in a rock or actual bones and shells that have turned into rock. Fossils are found in sedimentary rocks and hold the clues to life on Earth long ago.
- Limestone is composed of the mineral calcite; calcium carbonate. It often has variable amounts of silica in it, as well as varying amounts of clay, silt, and sand. Limestone rocks fall under the category of sedimentary rocks that are made from mineral calcite.
Answer:
<u>Biofilms are</u> defined as complex communities of microorganisms that grow embedded in a self-produced polymeric organic matrix and adhered to a living or inert surface, and that can present a single microbial species or a range of different species
Explanation:
The bacteria that form the biofilm are in what is called sessile form, exhibiting a phenotype different from those of the same cells in unicellular or free form (planktonic form) with respect to the growth rate and gene transcription (Donlan, 2002 ).
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The formation</u> of biofilms is an adaptive strategy of microorganisms, since growth in biofilm offers four important advantages: (I) protects microorganisms from the action of adverse agents, (II) increases the availability of nutrients for their growth, (III) facilitates the use of water, reducing the possibility of dehydration and (IV) enables the transfer of genetic material (DNA). All of these circumstances can increase your survival capabilities. As a consequence, <u>the usual methods of disinfection or the use of antibiotics are often ineffective against biofilm bacteria</u>.
In addition to the risk of contamination, the development of biofilms can interfere with different processes and cause damage to the equipment. In drinking water systems the formation of biofilms can obstruct the pipes reducing their speed and transport capacity causing an increase in energy consumption. The formation of biofilm in heat exchangers and cooling towers can reduce heat transfer and as a consequence its efficiency in the process. The formation of persistent biofilms on metal surfaces can cause corrosion due to acid production by bacteria.
Answer:
3:1
hope it helps.
<h3>stay safe healthy and happy.</h3>
Answer:
carbonic acid
Explanation:
carbondioxide reacts with water in a reversible reaction to form carbonic acid
