South
Explanation:
The magnetic force F on a point charge moving with a velocity v in the presence of a magnetic field B is given by
and according to the right-hand rule, an upward magnetic force on a proton moving westward is only possible if the magnetic field is directed southward.
The four equations for acceleration are obtained from the three equations of motion and from second law of motion.
Explanation:
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with respect to time. So the change in velocity with respect to time can be determined using the three equations of motions.
So from the first equation of motion, v = u + at , we can determine the value of acceleration if time taken, final and initial velocity is known. The equation can be re-written as
Similarly, from the second equation of motion, s = ut + 1/2 at², we can determine the equation for acceleration as
So this is second equation for acceleration.
Then from the third equation of motion,
the acceleration equation is determined as
In addition to these three equation, another equation is present to determine the acceleration with respect to force from the Newton's second law of motion. F = Mass × acceleration. From this, acceleration = Force/mass.
So, these are the four equations for acceleration.