Answer: 1) only a salt and water
An acid and base reacts together to undergo neutralization to form salt and water.

where HCl is an acid and NaOH is a base to form salt (NaCl) and water
.
Answer: 2) The formula of the hydrogen ion is often written as
.
All acids dissociate in water to give
ions.
Answer: 3) Arrhenius acids are substances that ionizes to yield protons in aqueous solution.

Arrhenius bases are substance that ionizes to yield hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.

Answer: 4) A conjugate acid base pair transfers hydrogen ion.
Here
accepts a proton and thus act as a base and the corresponding
is its conjugate acid.
Answer: 5) Bronsted Lowry acid is a substance that donates protons. Bronsted Lowry base is a substance that accepts protons.
and 

is a acid which accepts proton and thus acts as base to form conjugate acid
.
When global winds, ocean currents, and other forces move freely across the earths surface.
Answer: Atoms contain tiny, negatively charged electrons
Explanation: Thomson's experiments with cathode ray tubes helped him to discover the electron (which Dalton did not know about). Dalton thought that atoms were indivisible particles, and Thomson's discovery of the electron proved the existence of subatomic particles.
Astronomers can measure it by way of luminosity which is the power of a star or the amount of energy (light) the star admits from its surface. they also measure the brightness of a start as if it were to appear 32.6 light years from Earth