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The molecular formula for the combustion of butane in oxygen is:
2 C4H10 + 13 O2 ---> 8 CO2 + 10 H20
<span>You take the mass of carbon dioxide, 56.8g, divide by its molar mass, 44.01g/mol, to produce the moles of carbon dioxide. This is multiplied by the molar ratio of butane/CO2, (2/8) = 1/4, which gives the moles of butane required to produce the carbon dioxide. Multiply the number of moles of butane by its molar mass, 58.12g/mol, to produce the mass of butane. Mass of butane = 18.8g</span>
Elements that make up the compounds that are characterized as covalent are mostly in the right part of the periodic table.
Alkalyne metals and alkalyne earth metals, which are located in the left part of the table, and given that those elements form ions with relative ease they make up ioinic compounds.
Covalent compounds are made up mainly of a non metal element and a metal elements with low metallic properties.
The metallic character of the elements decrease as you go to the right of the periodic table, that is why you found those elements in the right part of the periodic talbe.
Let's begin with the basic values that will be used in the solution.
The formula of propane is C3H8. It is an alkane, a hydrocarbon with the general formula of CnH2n+2. Notice that hydrocarbons have only Carbon and Hydrogen atoms. Its molar mass (M) is 44 g.
Molar Mass Calculation is done as like that
C=12 g/mol, H=1 g/mol. 1 mole propane has 3 moles Carbon atoms and 8 mole Hydrogen atoms. M(C3H8)= 3*12+ 8*1= 44 g
Combustion reaction of hydrocarbons gives carbon dioxide and water by releasing energy. That energy is called as enthalpy of combustion (ΔHc°).
ΔHc° of propane equals -2202.0 kj/mol. Burning of 1 mole C3H8 releases 2202 kj energy. Minus sign only indicates that the energy is given out ( an exothermic reaction ).
Let's write the combustion reaction.
C3H8 + O2 ---> CO2 + H20 (unbalanced) ΔHc° = -2202 kj/mol
Now, we calculate mole of 20 kg propane. Convert kilogram into gram since we use molar mass is defined in grams.
mole=mass/molar mass ; n=m/M ; n= 20000 g /44 (g/mol)=454 mole
1 mole propane releases 2202 kj energy.
454 mole propane release 2202 kj *454= 1000909 kj
The answer is 1000909 kj.
The variable X is the effective nuclear charge, and it remains constant down a group.
Discussion:
The effective nuclear charge is referred to as the actual amount of positive (nuclear) charge experienced by an electron in a polyelectronic atom.
The effective nuclear charge experienced by an electron is otherwise called the core charge.
It is mathematically evaluated as the difference in the atomic number and the core electrons. and since elements in the same group have equal number of Valence electrons, the effective nuclear charge is constant down the group.
Read more on effective nuclear charge:
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