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2 years ago

List some Industrial plants and indicate the gaseous pollutants they emit

Chemistry

1 answer:

mixas84 [53]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

Sources of air pollutants from the industry include: power generation plant, boilers, bleaching plants and caustic soda/chlorine plant. Pollutants include particulate matter, chlorine, sulfur dioxides, hydrogen sulfides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxides and nitrous oxides.

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Why do you require an acid catalyst to make an ester? Why not just mix acid and alcohol? Describe an alternate method of making

djverab [1.8K]

Answer:Acid catalyst is needed to increase the electrophilicity of Carbonyl group of Carboxylic acid as alcohol is a weak nucleophile.

Alternatively esters can be synthesised by converting carboxylic acid into acyl chloride using thionyl chloride(SOCl_{2} and then further treating acyl chloride with alcohol.

Carboxylic acid and esters can be easily distinguished on the basis of IR as carboxylic acid would contain a broad intense peak in 2500-3200cm_{-1} corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters would not contain any such broad intense peak.

Alcohol and esters can also be distinguished using IR as alcohols would contain a broad intense peak at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}

Explanation: For the synthesis of esters using alcohol and carboxylic acid we need to add a little amount of acid in the reaction . The acid used here increases the electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon and hence makes it easier for a weaker nucleophile like alcohol to attack the carbonyl carbon of acid.

The oxygen of the carbonyl group is protonated using the acidic proton which leads to the generation of positive charge on the oxygen. The positive charge generated is delocalised over the whole acid molecule and hence the electrophilicity of carbonyl group is increased. Kindly refer attachment for the structures.

If we simply mix the acid and alcohol then no appreciable reaction would take place between them and ester formation would not take place because the carboxylic acid in that case is not a good electrophile whereas alcohol is also not a very strong nucleophile which can attack the carbonyl group.

Alternatively we can use thionyl chloride or any other reagent which can convert the carboxylic acid into acyl chloride. Acyl chloride is very elctrophilic and alcohol can very easily attack the acyl chloride and esters could be synthesized.

The carboxylic acid and ester can very easily be distinguished on the basis of broad intense OH stretching frequency peak at around 2500-3200cm_{-1} . The broad intense OH stretching frequency peak is present in carboxylic acids as they contain OH groups and absent in case of esters .

Likewise esters and alcohols can also be distinguished on the basis IR spectra as alcohols will have broad intense spectra at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters will not have any such peak. Rather esters would be having a Carbonyl stretching frequency at around 1720-1760

4 0

2 years ago

Of the elements calcium, Ca, beryllium, Be, barium, Ba, and strontium, Sr, which has the largest atomic radius? Explain your ans

Nezavi [6.7K]

The largest atomic radius has Ba,because they are all metals of 2nd group,but as you know when you go down upright in the periodic table the metallic features getting stronger but also orbital layers increasing,and you can say more layers larger atomic radius.Hope I helped,sorry for English

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

How many moles are in 9.25E24 formulas units of sodium acetate?

Lelu [443]

Answer:

<h2>15.37 moles</h2>

Explanation:

To find the number of moles in a substance given it's number of entities we use the formula

$n = \frac{N}{L} \\$

where n is the number of moles

N is the number of entities

L is the Avogadro's constant which is

6.02 × 10²³ entities

From the question we have

$n = \frac{9.25 \times {10}^{24} }{6.02 \times {10}^{23} } \\ = 15.365448...$

We have the final answer as

<h3>15.37 moles</h3>

Hope this helps you

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2 years ago

Which best describes the greenhouse effect?

konstantin123 [22]

The correct answer should be B) Water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere trap heat.

The trapped heat cannot leave the atmosphere and as it is trapped, it increases the heat of the planet.

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3 years ago

Consider the balanced equation.

vaieri [72.5K]

The balanced chemical reaction is:

We are given the amount of H2 being reacted. This will be our starting point.

26.3 g H2 (1 mol H2 / 2.02 g H2) 2 mol O2/3 mol H2) ( 17.04 g NH3 / 1mol NH3) = 147.90 g O2

Percent yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x 100

Percent yield = 79.0 g / 147.90 g x 100

Percent yield = 53.4%

8 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

List some Industrial plants and indicate the gaseous pollutants they emit​

List some Industrial plants and indicate the gaseous pollutants they emit