Answer:
The definition of the terms are:
1.) The extent of randomness in a system ENTROPY.
2.) Difference of the enthalpy (of a system) minus the product of the entropy and absolute temperature is GIBBS FREE ENERGY.
3.) Solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent SATURATED SOLUTION.
4.)Sum of the internal energy plus the product of the pressure and volume for a reaction ENTHALPY.
5.) The condition that a reaction takes place without outside help SPONTANEITY.
Explanation:
ENTROPY is defined as the degree of disorderliness(randomness) of a system. It is usually denoted by 'S'. Entropy change is a factor that contributes to the driving force behind Chemical reactions. In a system, the greater the degree of disorderliness the higher the entropy and the greater the tendency for the reaction to take place. Therefore the extent of randomness in a system is ENTROPY.
GIBBS FREE ENERGY is defined as the difference of the enthalpy (of a system) minus the product of the entropy and absolute temperature. Both the enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) can determine how a chemical reaction will occur.A scientist J. Willard Gibbs related the two by introducing a third parameter called the FREE ENERGY. This is usually represented as (G). Mathematically,
∆ G = ∆H - T∆S
Where T is the absolute temperature of the system.
When ∆G is negative the reaction is feasible, that is, it will occur. When ∆G is positive the reaction is not likely to occur. When it is zero the reaction is at equilibrium.
SATURATED SOLUTION is defined as a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent. This means that it's a solution that contains as much solute as it can dissolve at that temperature in the presence of undissolved solute particles. In a saturated solution, the dissolved solutes and undissolved solutes are in equilibrium at that temperature. Any change in temperature will disturb this equilibrium and the system must alter to counter the change.
ENTHALPY is defined as the Sum of the internal energy (E) plus the product of the pressure(P) and volume(V) for a reaction. This is usually represented with the symbol 'H'. Mathematically,
H = E + PV.
The rate of chemical reaction depends on the frequency of effective collision between the reacting particles. When this occurs,the colliding particles becomes activated with increased kinetic energy. This energy must exceed a particular energy barrier called activation energy ( an internal energy) before a reaction can take place while the heat of the reaction is called ENTHALPY (H).
SPONTANEITY is the condition that a reaction takes place without outside help. This reaction doesn't require any energy input because the products at a more stable lower energy state than the reactants.
