Answer:
the individual atom in the molecule
Explanation:
In chemistry, the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance. Invidual spheres there represent atoms in the molecule. The bigger atomic number the atom has, the larger diameter of the spheres this atom has in this model.
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Answer:
(a) Covalent bond. NF₃ (nitrogen trifluoride)
(b) Ionic bond. LiCl (lithium chloride)
Explanation:
<em>(a) N and F</em>
Nitrogen and fluorine are nonmetals, with high and similar electronegativities, so they form covalent bonds, in which they share pairs of electrons to complete the octet in their valence shell. N has 5 valence electrons so it will form 3 covalent bonds while each Cl has 7 valence electrons so it will form 1 covalent bond. As a result, the empirical formula is NF₃ (nitrogen trifluoride).
<em>(b) Li and Cl</em>
Lithium is a metal and Chlorine is a nonmetal. They have different electronegativities so they form an ionic bond, in which Cl gains 1 electron (7 valence e⁻) and Li loses 1 electron (1 valence e⁻). The empirical formula is LiCl (lithium chloride).
E ground pushes you forward. But that interaction is friction. Reduce friction and it doesn't matter how strong your legs are, the surface is incapable of pushing you accordingly. The coefficient of static friction is very low so it is easy to slide your foot rather than push.
Answer:
Explanation:
Polar molecules interact with other molecules of similar polarity to form solutions. Non-polar molecules do not interact the same way.
Answer:
kf = 1.16 x 10¹⁸
Explanation:
Step 1: [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 1en → [Ni(H₂O)₄(en)]²⁺ ΔG°1 = -42.9 kJmol⁻¹
Step 2: [Ni(H₂O)₄(en)]²⁺ + 1en → [Ni(H₂O)₂(en)₂]²⁺ ΔG°2 = -35.8 kJmol⁻¹
Step 3: [Ni(H₂O)₂(en)₂]²⁺ + 1en → [Ni(en)₃]²⁺ ΔG°3 = -24.3 kJmol⁻¹
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Overall reaction: [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + 3en → [Ni(en)₃]²⁺ ΔG°r
ΔG°r = ΔG°1 + ΔG°2 + ΔG°3
ΔG°r = -42.9 - 35.8 - 24.3
ΔG°r = -103.0 kJmol⁻¹
ΔG°r = -RTlnKf
-103,000 Jmol⁻¹ = - 8.31 J.K⁻¹mol⁻¹ x 298 K x lnKf
kf = e ^(-103,000/-8.31x298)
kf = e ^41.59
kf = 1.16 x 10¹⁸
