Explanation:
Effective nuclear charge is defined as he net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom. It is termed "effective" because the shielding effect of electrons prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge of the nucleus due to the repelling effect of inner-layer electrons.
The 1s is the closest shell to the nucleus of an therefore maximum nuclear charge is experienced. The formula for effective nuclear charge is:
Zeff = Z – S
where
Z = the number of protons in the nucleus, and
S = the shielding constant, the average number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron.
Hence, the energy required to remove an electron from the 1s orbital is the strongest.
The answer may be pair or group
Answer:
F= 403429 kpa
Explanation:
Pressure is the product of force and area
Mathematically,
P=F*A -------where F is force and A is area.
A= 40 *0.1 = 4mm² -----convert to m²
A= 4e⁻⁶ m²
P= 4000000 pa
F= P/A = 4000000/4e⁻⁶
F= 403428793.493 pa
F= 403429 kpa
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Pressure and temperature are the variables in Gay-Lussac's law.
The law states that a pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the gas' temperature if the mass and volume are fixed. This means that there are only two variables, as the other two values are fixed: only pressure and temperature can change according to this law.
