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Genes encode proteins and proteins dictate cell function. Therefore, the thousands of genes expressed in a particular cell determine what that cell can do. Moreover, each step in the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein provides the cell with a potential control point for self-regulating its functions by adjusting the amount and type of proteins it manufactures.
At any given time, the amount of a particular protein in a cell reflects the balance between that protein's synthetic and degradative biochemical pathways. On the synthetic side of this balance, recall that protein production starts at transcription (DNA to RNA) and continues with translation (RNA to protein). Thus, control of these processes plays a critical role in determining what proteins are present in a cell and in what amounts. In addition, the way in which a cell processes its RNA transcripts and newly made proteins also greatly influences protein levels.
How Is Gene Expression Regulated?
The amounts and types of mRNA molecules in a cell reflect the function of that cell. In fact, thousands of transcripts are produced every second in every cell. Given this statistic, it is not surprising that the primary control point for gene expression is usually at the very beginning of the protein production process — the initiation of transcription. RNA transcription makes an efficient control point because many proteins can be made from a single mRNA molecule.
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Answer:
Photosynthesis and ___cellular respiration_____ create a cycle.
They create a cycle because the products of photosynthesis become the __reactants________of cellular respiration.
Cellular Respiration is important because it converts __glucose________ into usable energy for the body.
Photosynthesis is
important because it provides the atmosphere with ___oxygen________
and gives glucose to other orgamisms.
This makes __autotrophs____producers that give energy to ___consumers____.
Amino acid sequences can be defined by a percentage of identity. This percentage indicates the number of identical residues between proteins or nucleic acids of a given alignment.
- In this case, 240 aminoacids is the total length of the protein alignment (i.e. the alignment between FP1 and FP2 proteins)
- In consequence, in this case, the percentage of identity is 99.58% because dissimilarity is equal to 1/240= 0.0041667%, thereby percentage of identity is equal to 100 - 0.0041667 = 0.995833%.
- Nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) sequences and amino acid sequences can be defined by the percentage of identity.
- The percentage of identity can be used to discover proteins or protein regions (i.e., domains, linear motifs, etc) which exhibit homology, i.e., proteins/protein regions that are similar due to a common evolutionary origin.
In conclusion, the percentage of identity is determined by the number of identical nucleotides (DNA and RNA) or amino acid residues (proteins) over the total of nucleotides/amino acids in the local alignment.
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