Explanation:
The Gabriel synthesis is a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines. Traditionally, the reaction uses potassium phthalimide. ... The alkylation of ammonia is often an unselective and inefficient route to amines. In the Gabriel method, phthalimide anion is employed as a surrogate of H2N−.
<u>Answer:</u> The magnitude rating for an earthquake causing an amplitude 10,000,000 times 
is 7.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Richter scale is defined as the scale which expresses the magnitude of earthquake on the basis of the seismograph oscillations.
The equation used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake on Richter scale is:
where
I = amplitude registered on seismograph 100 km away from seismic center = 
= small amplitude
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Hence, the magnitude rating for an earthquake causing an amplitude 10,000,000 times is 7.
The solids are characterized as amorphous and crystalline solids based on the arrangement of atoms. The solids that are amorphous are rubber, plastic, candle wax, and glass.
<h3>What are amorphous solids?</h3>
The solids have the arrangement of atoms in the lattice. The solids with an appropriate arrangement of atoms are crystalline solids. For example, sugar, graphite.
The solids with irregular arrangements of atoms in the lattice are amorphous solids. For example, glass, rubber.
Thus, the solids that are amorphous in nature are rubber, plastic, candle wax, and glass.
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The empirical formula for the caproic acid, given the combustion analysis data is C₃H₆O
We'll begin bey obtaining the mass of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the compound. This is illustrated below:
How to determine the mass of C
- Mass of CO₂ = 9.78 g
- Molar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol
- Molar of C = 12 g/mol
- Mass of C =?
Mass of C = (12 / 44) × 9.78
Mass of C = 2.67 g
How to determine the mass of H
- Mass of H₂O = 20.99 g
- Molar mass of H₂O = 18 g/mol
- Molar of H = 2 × 1 = 2 g/mol
- Mass of H =?
Mass of H = (2 / 18) × 4
Mass of H = 0.44 g
How to determine the mass of O
- Mass of compound = 4.30 g
- Mass of C = 2.67 g
- Mass of H = 0.44 g
- Mass of O =?
Mass of O = (mass of compound) – (mass of C + mass of H)
Mass of O = 4.30 – (2.67 + 0.44)
Mass of O = 1.19 g
<h3>How to determine the empirical formula </h3>
The empirical formula of the compound can be obtained as follow:
- C = 2.67 g
- H = 0.44 g
- O = 1.19 g
- Empirical formula =?
Divide by their molar mass
C = 2.67 / 12 = 0.2225
H = 0.44 / 1 = 0.44
O = 1.19 / 16 = 0.074
Divide by the smallest
C = 0.2225 / 0.074 = 3
H = 0.44 / 0.0744 = 6
O = 0.074 / 0.074 = 1
Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is C₃H₆O
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