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photoshop1234 [79]
3 years ago
15

An astronaut and his space suit have a combined mass of 157 kg. The

Physics
1 answer:
alexgriva [62]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

v₃ = 9.62[m/s]

Explanation:

To solve this type of problem we must use the principle of conservation of linear momentum, which tells us that the momentum is equal to the product of mass by velocity.

We must analyze the moment when the astronaut launches the toolkit, the before and after. In order to return to the ship, the astronaut must launch the toolkit in the opposite direction to the movement.

Let's take the leftward movement as negative, which is when the astronaut moves away from the ship, and rightward as positive, which is when he approaches the ship.

In this way, we can construct the following equation.

-(m_{1}+m_{2})*v_{1}=(m_{1}*v_{2})-(m_{2}*v_{3})

where:

m₁ = mass of the astronaut = 157 [kg]

m₂ = mass of the toolkit = 5 [kg]

v₁ = velocity combined of the astronaut and the toolkit before throwing the toolkit = 0.2 [m/s]

v₂ = velocity for returning back to the ship after throwing the toolkit [m/s]

v₃ = velocity at which the toolkit should be thrown [m/s]

Now replacing:

-(157+5)*0.2=(157*0.1)-(5*v_{3})\\(5*v_{3})= 15.7+32.4\\v_{3}=9.62[m/s]

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Answer:

a) 0.036 J b) 0.036J c) 0.036 d) 1.9m/s e) 0.18 m

Explanation:

Mass of the dart = 0.02kg, the spring was compressed to 6cm

Work needed to compress the spring = 1/2*k*x ^2 where k is the force constant of the spring in N/m, x is the distance it was compressed in m

Work needed to compress the spring = 0.5 * 20* 0.06^2 since 6cm = 6 / 100 = 0.06 m

Work needed to compress the spring = 0.036J

b) the total energy stored in the spring = the work done to compress the spring = 0.036J

c) kinetic energy of the dart as it leaves the the spring = elastic potential energy stored in the spring = the work done in compressing the = 0.036J using the law of conservation of energy; energy is neither created nor destroyed but transformed from one form to another.

d) 1/2mv^2 = 0.036

mv^2 = 0.036*2

v^2 = 0.036*2 / 0.02 = 3.6

v = √3.6 = 1.897 approx 1.9m/s

e) kinetic energy of the dart = work done against gravity to get the body to height h

Work done against gravity = potential energy conserved at height = -mgh g is negative because the motion is upward while gravity acts downward

0.036 = 0.02 * 9.81 * h

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Using the method of inspection, the equation is first observed to know the relationship between the combining atoms and the resulting ones.

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