Explanation:
A covalent bond is formed when an element shares its valence electron with another element. This bond is formed between two non metals.
An ionic bond is formed when an element completely transfers its valence electron to another element. The element which donates the electron is known as electropositive element and the element which accepts the electrons is known as electronegative element. This bond is formed between a metal and an non-metal.
Chlorine and potassium atoms form ionic bonds: Ionic bond is formed when there is complete transfer of electron from a highly electropositive metal to a highly electronegative non metal. Electronegativity difference = electronegativity of chlorine - electronegativity of potassium = 3-0.8 = 2.2
Carbon atoms form non-polar covalent bonds with nitrogen atoms : Non-polar covalent bond is defined as the bond which is formed when there is no difference of electronegativities between the atoms. Electronegativity difference = electronegativity of nitrogen - electronegativity of carbon= 3.0-2.5 = 0.5
Oxygen forms polar covalent bonds with phosphorus: A polar covalent bond is defined as the bond which is formed when there is a difference of electronegativities between the atoms. Electronegativity difference = electronegativity of oxygen - electronegativity of phosphorous = 3.5- 2.19 = 1.31
Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
Weight of solute = 75.8 g, Molecular weight of solute (toulene) = 92.13 g/mol, volume = 200 ml
- Therefore, molarity of toulene is calculated as follows.
Molarity = 
= 
= 4.11 M
Hence, molarity of toulene is 4.11 M.
- As molality is the number of moles of solute present in kg of solvent.
So, we will calculate the molality of toulene as follows.
Molality = 
= 
= 8.6 m
Hence, molality of given toulene solution is 8.6 m.
- Now, calculate the number of moles of toulene as follows.
No. of moles = 
= 
= 0.8227 mol
Now, no. of moles of benzene will be as follows.
No. of moles =
= 
= 1.2239 mol
Hence, the mole fraction of toulene is as follows.
Mole fraction = 
= 
= 0.402
Hence, mole fraction of toulene is 0.402.
- As density of given solution is 0.857
so, we will calculate the mass of solution as follows.
Density = 
0.857 = 
(As 1 
= 1 g)
mass = 171.4 g
Therefore, calculate the mass percent of toulene as follows.
Mass % = 
= 
= 44.22%
Therefore, mass percent of toulene is 44.22%.
Answer:
It favors the forward reaction.
Explanation:
According to Le Chatelier's Principle, when a system at equilibrium suffers a perturbation, the system will react in order to counteract the effect of such perturbation.
If more reactant is added, the system will try to decrease its concentration. It will do so by favoring the forward reaction, decreasing the concentration of the reactant and increasing the concentration of the products, in order to re-establish the equilibrium.
