The size of crystals in igneous rocks can tell us about the physical environment under which the rock formed.
Igneous rocks are rocks that are derived from molten magma formed within the crust.
When large crystals are formed, it suggests that the magma has cooled slowly without any disturbance. Slow cooling of magma makes minerals to surround nucleation centers easily an take their time to form.
When small crystals are formed, we can infer that cooling was rapid. Magma had to cool rapidly and several nucleation centers resulted.
Large crystals in rocks are usually produced deep beneath the earth crust forming a rock type known as plutonic igneous rocks.
Those with small crystals that forms on the surface are called extrusive or volcanic igneous rocks.
C. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption by increasing the number of Na+-K+ ATPase pumps in the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule.
Explanation;
Aldosterone hormone is produced by the adrenal gland and mainly carries out its functions in the kidney.Through the aldosterone hormone the body is able to retain more water for the kidney is able to hold more sodium.
When the plasma sodium levels decrease and the plasma potassium levels increase the production of aldosterone hormone is stimulated for sodium is needed in the .body to maintain the high water levels in the body.
Burning fossil fuels moves carbon from the geosphere to the atmosphere.
Explanation:
Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas are produced and stored in the geosphere. i.e. the part of the Earth that includes the Earth's interior, landforms, rocks and minerals.
Fossil fuels, extracted from the geosphere are burned to generate energy.
Combustion of fossil fuels releases the stored carbon into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide.
