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Answer: Soaps are sodium or potassium fatty acids salts, produced from the hydrolysis of fats in a chemical reaction called saponification. Each soap molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain, sometimes called its 'tail', with a carboxylate 'head'.
Explanation: Saponification is an exothermic chemical reaction—which means that it gives off heat—that occurs when fats or oils (fatty acids) come into contact with lye, a base. In this reaction, the triglyceride units of fats react with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and are converted to soap and glycerol.
These are just a couple ways to identify unknown minerals,touch taste smell
Answer:
a)4.51
b) 9.96
Explanation:
Given:
NaOH = 0.112M
H2S03 = 0.112 M
V = 60 ml
H2S03 pKa1= 1.857
pKa2 = 7.172
a) to calculate pH at first equivalence point, we calculate the pH between pKa1 and pKa2 as it is in between.
Therefore, the half points will also be the middle point.
Solving, we have:
pH = (½)* pKa1 + pKa2
pH = (½) * (1.857 + 7.172)
= 4.51
Thus, pH at first equivalence point is 4.51
b) pH at second equivalence point:
We already know there is a presence of SO3-2, and it ionizes to form
SO3-2 + H2O <>HSO3- + OH-
![Kb = \frac{[ HSO3-][0H-]}{SO3-2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20Kb%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5B%20HSO3-%5D%5B0H-%5D%7D%7BSO3-2%7D)

[HSO3-] = x = [OH-]
mmol of SO3-2 = MV
= 0.112 * 60 = 6.72
We need to find the V of NaOh,
V of NaOh = (2 * mmol)/M
= (2 * 6.72)/0.122
= 120ml
For total V in equivalence point, we have:
60ml + 120ml = 180ml
[S03-2] = 6.72/120
= 0.056 M
Substituting for values gotten in the equation ![Kb=\frac{[HSO3-][OH-]}{[SO3-2]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Kb%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5BHSO3-%5D%5BOH-%5D%7D%7B%5BSO3-2%5D%7D%20)
We noe have:

![x = [OH-] = 9.11*10^-^5](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=x%20%3D%20%5BOH-%5D%20%3D%209.11%2A10%5E-%5E5)

=4.04
pH = 14- pOH
= 14 - 4.04
= 9.96
The pH at second equivalence point is 9.96
LiOH+HCl ---->LiCl+H2O
Base...Acid......Salt...