Factors that influence general adaptation syndrome include that of a person’s health, nutrition, sex, ages, race, socioeconomic status, and genetics. These are factors that are either can precipitate a different reaction, while others are modifiable and unmodifiable traits.
In biology, adaptation has 3 related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state reached by the population during that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each organism, that is maintained and has evolved through natural selection. Historically, adaptation has been described from the time of the ancient Greek philosophers such as Empedocles and Aristotle. In 18th and 19th century natural theology, adaptation was taken as evidence for the existence of a deity. Charles Darwin proposed instead that it was explained by natural selection. Adaptation is related to biological fitness, which governs the rate of evolution as measured by a change in gene frequencies. Often, two or more species co-adapt and co-evolve as they develop adaptations that interlock with those of the other species, such as with flowering plants and pollinating insects. In mimicry, species evolve to resemble other species; in Müllerian mimicry, this is a mutually beneficial co-evolution as each of a group of strongly defended species (such as wasps able to sting) come to advertise their defenses in the same way. Features evolved for one purpose may be co-opted for a different one, as when the insulating feathers of dinosaurs were co-opted for bird flight. Adaptation is a major topic in the philosophy of biology, as it concerns function and purpose (teleology). Some biologists try to avoid terms that imply purpose in adaptation, not least because it suggests a deity's intentions, but others note that adaptation is necessarily purposeful.
Answer: The correct answer is Option C.
Explanation:
We are given a piston of a pump, which means that there is no loss of the air. and there is a change in pressure and volume but temperature of the system remains constant.
As, the pressure of the system increases, there will be more number of particles. So, the number of collisions per unit area will increase.
But in the question, volume gets doubled. So, the pressure will be determined by using Boyle's Law:
where, 
are the initial and final volume respectively.
Putting the change in volume in above equation, we get:
where, 
are the initial and final pressure respectively.
As, the pressure is reduced to half of the initial pressure. So, the number of collisions per unit area will also be reduced to one-half.
Hence, the correct answer is Option C.
