Homicide is one of the leading causes of death among African-American and Hispanic men. We investigated how neighborhood characteristics associated with social disadvantage explain racial/ethnic homicide gaps in 10 U.S. cities. The test hypotheses were that (1) higher concentrations of African-Americans and Hispanics would be associated with higher homicide rates and (2) the relationship between racial/ethnic concentration and homicide would be attenuated after adjusting for neighborhood characteristics (e.g., unemployment, median household income, low educational attainment, and female headship). The test hypotheses were examined using separate Poisson regression models, which adjusted for spatial autocorrelation. Homicide rates were greater in neighborhoods with higher concentrations of African-Americans and Hispanics than in other groups, and the association of neighborhood racial/ethnic concentration with homicide was reduced after adjusting for neighborhood social disadvantage variables, especially percent female head of household and percent persons with less than a high school education. We also found that the relationship between neighborhood racial/ethnic concentration and homicide was explained more by social disadvantage variables in some cities than in others. Based on our findings, policy makers may wish to consider implementation of policies that (1) expand early childhood education programs and higher education opportunities and (2) encourage economic and community development initiatives in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods. Hope this helps! Mark brainly pls!
Answer:
The four main traditional rules are real, demonstrative, documentary, and testimonial. These laws determine what evidence must or must not be considered by the trier of fact in reaching its decision.
Explanation:
The federal rules of general provisions, judicial notice, presumptions, relevancy and its limits, privileges, witnesses, opinions and expert testimony, hearsay, authentication and identification, contents of writing, photographs and recordings. They are needed because they govern the evidence at civil and criminal trails in US federal trial courts. The current rules were initially passed by congress in 1975, after years of drafting by the Supreme courts.
Answer:
Explanation:
How are state and federal governments similar?
A. They are influenced by direct democracy procedures such as the
recall.
O
B. They issue passports to citizens to regulate international travel.
C. They control the education policies that affect state public
schools.
D. Their powers and structures are defined in written constitutions.
SUBMIT
Answer:
Crime, according to restorative justice, does more than only breach the law; it also harms people, relationships, and the community. As a result, a just remedy must address both the injuries and the wrongdoing. Helping the parties meet to discuss the damages and how to resolve them is the greatest method to do this if they are willing to do so. If they are unable or unwilling to meet, there are other options. In some cases, these meetings result in life-changing transformations for them.
Three main principles to consider: (1) harm is caused by crime, and justice requires that harm be repaired; (2) encounter: the best way to decide how to accomplish that is for the parties to deliberate together; and (3) transformation: this can have a profound impact on people, relationships, and communities.
A more technical definition is this: Restorative Justice is a view of justice that focuses on resolving the consequences of criminal activity by resolving the causes of the harm. However, when that is not possible, it is best accomplished through cooperative mechanisms that allow all willing stakeholders to meet. People, relationships, and communities can all be transformed as a result of this.
