Explanation:
a. Vanillin(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde):
In its structure hydroxl group will be present on para position of the benzaldehyde ring and methoxy group on meta position.
b. Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol):
In its structure isopropyl group will be present on ortho position of the phenol ring and methyl group on meta position.
c. Carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol):
In its structure isopropyl group will be present opposite to methyl group which is present ortho position in a phenol ring.
d. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol):.
In its structure allyl group will be present on para position of the phenol ring and methoxy group on ortho position.
e. Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid):
In its structure hydroxyl group will be present on both meta positions and on para position of the benzoic acid ring.
f. Salicyl alcohol (o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol):
In its structure, 
group is linkedto benzene ring and in respect to that hydroxyl group is present at ortho position of the ring.
Ionization enthalpy, IE, is also called ionization potential is the ability to remove the electron from the neutral gaseous atom. There is a trend observed in the periodic table for the IE value. As we go from left to right in a period, IE vale increases. While moving from top to bottom in a group, IE value decreases.
- The phenomenon of unexpected drop in IE1 values between Groups 2 and 13, in period 2 and period 4 is due to the introduction of d-orbitals in the case of period 4 elements.
- While moving in the period, there is the constant addition of electrons in the nucleus. The shell sie remains constant while electron pull increases from the nucleus, this leads to a reduction in the size of the atom. As the size decreases, it is difficult to remove the electron from the atom, and thus IE value increases in the case of period 2.
- When we study the case of period 4, there is an introduction of d-electrons. As the inner shell electron increases, there is an increase in the shielding effect. This shielding effect tends to decrease the nuclear attraction between the nucleus and outermost electrons. Ultimately this decreases the IE value in the fourth period. Such a phenomenon is absent in the case of group 2 elements.
- If we speak in terms of orbital energy, the IE value decreases while moving from top to bottom in the period. This is due to the fact that, as we go down in the periodic table, the number of shells increases, and the outermost electron is too far from the nuclear attraction, therefore it can be ejected out easily. This marks a decrease in IE value.
To learn more about ionization refer the link:
brainly.com/question/1558319
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I think the minimum uncertainty in the electron's velocity if the location of a particular electron can be measured only to a precision of 0.058nm is d which is 2.2X10 5 m/s. Thank you for posting your question here at brainly. I hope the answer will help you. Feel free to ask more questions here.
