Your answer should end up being 1.5 billion kilometers.<span />
Answer:
15. D have specific gened activated
16. G cell division is unregulated
17. D providing information to form proteins
Explanation:
15. When an egg is first fertilised, the cells are very flexible. They are sort of like a "blank slate", and can become any type of cell. From these cells, all the cells in the body are created: brain cells, skin cells, blood cells etc. To become all these different types of cells, they keep dividing, slowly branching off and becoming more specific. This process is called differentiation.
They do this because different patterns and combinations genes are activated that turn them in to these different and specific cell types.
16. One of the hallmarks of a cancer cell is unregulated cell division. Oncogenes start as normal genes (called proto-oncogenes) that function in normal processes, such as the cell cycle, inhibiting apoptosis. However, when they become mutated, they can promote the growth and division of cells and prevent their programmed death. This is because they become more active or present in higher amounts following the mutation. This causes such functions in the cell to become deregulated, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and the growth of harmful tumour cells.
17. The central dogma of biology states that DNA --> RNA --> protein. The messenger RNA (mRNA) is transcribed from the DNA. It contains a message that is translated by the protein synthesis machinery to form proteins.
This is how all the proteins in the cell are produced, and the information for how to encode them is entirely dependent upon the sequence of the DNA, which is sent as a coded message in the form of RNA, to the protein synthesis machinery. The protein synthesis machinery makes the proteins according to the DNA sequence (as translated from the mRNA).
Smoking causes changes to homeostasis throughout the body best explains the relationship of cause and effect which DeShawn best explains and is denoted as option B.
<h3>What is Homeostasis?</h3>
This is common in biological systems and is the process in which they maintain a stable internal environment through series of techniques such as excretion etc.
Smoking will disrupt the homeostasis in the body as a result of the presence of a high amount of carbon dioxide as against that of the non smoker which has a large concentration of oxygen.
This makes the body internal environment unstable and is therefore the reason why changes to homeostasis was chosen as the correct choice.
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The spinal cord contains ascending and descending nerve fibres that send information between the CNS and the periphery. This illustrates the conduction function of the spinal cord.
The bony components of the vertebral column serve to shield the spinal cord, which is a component of the central nervous system (CNS) and which spans from the head to the tail of the body. It is protected by the three membranes that make up the central nervous system, which are the pia mater, the arachnoid, and the dura mater.
The spinal cord contains the descending and ascending nerve fibres. The spinal cord is an important component of both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. It is connected to the rest of the nervous system by a network of 31 pairs of spinal nerves, which are responsible for carrying sensory information. These nerves go up the spinal cord or through the medulla oblongata to reach the subcortical nuclei, where they form synaptic connections.
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