When light travels from a medium with higher refractive index to a medium with lower refractive index, there is a critical angle after which all the light is reflected (so, there is no refraction).
The value of this critical angle can be derived by Snell's law, and it is equal to
where n2 is the refractive index of the second medium and n1 is the refractive index of the first medium.
In our problem, n1=1.47 and n2=1.33, so the critical angle is
<span>Germanium
To determine which melts first, convert their melting temperatures so they're both expressed on same scale. It doesn't matter what scale you use, Kelvin, Celsius, of Fahrenheit. Just as long as it's the same scale for everything. Since we already have one substance expressed in Kelvin and since it's easy to convert from Celsius to Kelvin, I'll use Kelvin. So convert the melting point from Celsius to Kelvin for Gold by adding 273.15
1064 + 273.15 = 1337.15 K
So Germanium melts at 1210K and Gold melts at 1337.15K. Germanium has the lower melting point, so it melts first.</span>
1) metal
Even though metalloids are also conductors of heat and electricity, malleable they are not as good as metals.
Metals are very good conductors of electricity and heat. They are also very hard to touch. Noble gases and non metals are the exact opposite in physical and chemical properties. Metals readily react with oxygen.
Answer:
W₂= 10000 N
Explanation:
Pascal´s Principle can be applied in the hydraulic press:
If we apply a small force (F1) on a small area piston A1, then, a pressure (P) is generated that is transmitted equally to all the particles of the liquid until it reaches a larger area piston and therefore a force (F2) can be exerted that is proportional to the area (A2) of the piston:
Pressure is defined as the force (F) applied per unit area (A)
P=F/A (N/m²)
P1=P2
Equation (1)
Data
W₁ = weight sits on the small piston
F₁ = W₁= 500 N
A₁ = 2.0 cm²
A₂ = 40 cm²
Calculation of the weight (W₂) can the large piston support
We replace data in the equation (1)
F₂ = 10000 N
W₂= F₂= 10000 N
Answer:
Approximately 
, assuming that this gas is an ideal gas.
Explanation:
- Let
and 
denote the volume and pressure of this gas before the compression. - Let
and 
denote the volume and pressure of this gas after the compression.
By Boyle's Law, the pressure of a sealed ideal gas at constant temperature will be inversely proportional to its volume. Assume that this gas is ideal. By this ideal gas law:
.
Note that in Boyle's Law, 
is inversely proportional to 
. Therefore, on the two sides of this equation, "final" and "initial" are on different sides of the fraction bar.
For this particular question:
.
.
.- The pressure after compression, , needs to be found.
Rearrange the equation to obtain:
.
Before doing any calculation, think whether the pressure of this gas will go up or down. Since the gas is compressed, collisions between its particles and the container will become more frequent. Hence, the pressure of this gas should increase.
.
