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2 years ago

In at least 4 complete sentences, describe the similarities and differences between Avogadro's Law and Charles' Law.

Chemistry

1 answer:

viktelen [127]2 years ago

7 0

answer

Avogadro's law states that, at constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles present. In other words, equal volumes of gases at the same pressure and temperature contain the same number of molecules - this is true regardless of their physical properties or chemical nature.

This number of molecules is

6.022

⋅

and is known as Avogadro's number,

Matematically, Avogadro's law can be written like this

, or, better yet,

Avogadro's law, as well as Boyle's law and Charles' law, are special cases of the ideal gas law,

. If temperature and pressure are kept constant, and knowing that

is of course constant, then

→

, which represents Avogadro's law.

The ideal gas law can also be written to incorporate

, since the number of moles are actually the number of molecules divided by Avogadro's number

⋅

, where

represents the number of molecules.

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PLEASE HELP Which of the answers below would be a correct chemical symbol of an element?

UNO [17]

Answer:

Explanation:

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2 years ago

Consider the following reaction:

adell [148]

Answer:

1. d[H₂O₂]/dt = -6.6 × 10⁻³ mol·L⁻¹s⁻¹; d[H₂O]/dt = 6.6 × 10⁻³ mol·L⁻¹s⁻¹

2. 0.58 mol

Explanation:

1.Given ΔO₂/Δt…

2H₂O₂ ⟶ 2H₂O + O₂

-½d[H₂O₂]/dt = +½d[H₂O]/dt = d[O₂]/dt

d[H₂O₂]/dt = -2d[O₂]/dt = -2 × 3.3 × 10⁻³ mol·L⁻¹s⁻¹ = -6.6 × 10⁻³mol·L⁻¹s⁻¹

d[H₂O]/dt = 2d[O₂]/dt = 2 × 3.3 × 10⁻³ mol·L⁻¹s⁻¹ = 6.6 × 10⁻³mol·L⁻¹s⁻¹

2. Moles of O₂

(a) Initial moles of H₂O₂

$\text{Moles} = \text{1.5 L} \times \dfrac{\text{1.0 mol}}{\text{1 L}} = \text{1.5 mol }$

(b) Final moles of H₂O₂

The concentration of H₂O₂ has dropped to 0.22 mol·L⁻¹.

$\text{Moles} = \text{1.5 L} \times \dfrac{\text{0.22 mol}}{\text{1 L}} = \text{0.33 mol }$

(c) Moles of H₂O₂ reacted

Moles reacted = 1.5 mol - 0.33 mol = 1.17 mol

(d) Moles of O₂ formed

$\text{Moles of O}_{2} = \text{1.33 mol H$_{2}$O}_{2} \times \dfrac{\text{1 mol O}_{2}}{\text{2 mol H$_{2}$O}_{2}} = \textbf{0.58 mol O}_{2}\\\\\text{The amount of oxygen formed is $\large \boxed{\textbf{0.58 mol}}$}$

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3 years ago

A mixture of 5L of H2 and 3L O2 reacts to form H2O (g) at constant T and P .Find the

slamgirl [31]

The volume of H₂O = 5 L

<h3>Further explanation</h3>

Given

5L of H₂ and 3L O₂

Reaction

2H₂ (g) + O₂(g) ⇒2H₂O(g)

Required

The volume of H₂O

Solution

Avogadro's hypothesis:

<em>In the same T,P and V, the gas contains the same number of molecules </em>

So the ratio of gas volume will be equal to the ratio of gas moles

mol H₂ = 5, mol O₂ = 3

Find limiting reactants

From equation, mol ratio H₂ : O₂ = 2 : 1, so :

$\tt H_2\div O_2=\dfrac{mol~H_2}{coefficient}\div \dfrac{mol~O_2}{coefficient}\\\\=\dfrac{5}{2}\div \dfrac{3}{1}=2.5\div 3\rightarrow H_2~limiting~reactant(smaller~ratio)$

Find volume H₂O

mol H₂O based on mol H₂, and from equation mol ratio H₂ : H₂O=2 : 2, so mol H₂O = 5 mol and the volume also 5 L

4 0

2 years ago

What effect is climate change having on the amount of water in liquid, solid, and gas forms on Earth?

enyata [817]

Increased temperatures cause changes in atmospheric circulation and increase evaporation and water vapor, resulting in precipitation increases, more intense precipitation, more storms and sea level rise.

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2 years ago

If air is 80 percent nitrogen and 20 percent oxygen by volume what is density

Evgen [1.6K]

1 mol of any gas or mix of gases at STP conditions will have a volume of 22.4 L. Since the problem doesn’t said what are the conditions I will asume that are STP condition and the volume of one mole of the mix will have a volume of 22.4 L.

You may know that density is
D=m/v

In one mole of air I will have 80% of Nitrogen (N2) and 20% oxygen (O2).

So the mass of one mole of air will be

14 x2x0.80+16x2x0.20 = 22.4 g + 6.4 g = 28.8 g

D= 28.8/22.4 = 1.28 g/L

Of course if the temperature is higher the density will be smaller because the volume of one mole will be bigger and viceversa if the temperature decrease. Also if the pressure is different than one atm the volume of a mol will change.

5 0

3 years ago