The correct option is (e) All of the above.
When workers are asked to participate in a research study, vulnerabilities related to the subject's employment may include all the statements which are given in the question.
<h3>What is vulnerable subject in research study?</h3>
Vulnerable subject populations are regarded as groups of people who may be particularly vulnerable to pressure or improper influence. These include: minors and children. people with cognitive impairment.
There are many possible ways to define who is vulnerable in the research context. Some would include the following:
- those who are ill (dependent on clinician for care),
- ethnic or racial minorities
- English speakers
- children
- the economically disadvantaged
- adults with diminished capacity
Social, cognitive, environmental, emotional, and military vulnerability are a few examples.
Vulnerability is a notion that connects how individuals interact with their environment to the social forces, institutions, and cultural values that support and oppose risks and disasters.
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The complete question is -
When workers are asked to participate in a research study, vulnerabilities related to the subject's employment may include:
(a) The employer may encourage or deny participation of workers
(b) Employees may experience pressure from management to participate in the study because the employer perceives the study to be advantageous to the organization.
(c) Unions may encourage employees to participate with the expectation that "entitlements" may follow from study results
(d)The research study's finding could affect an employee's pay, benefits or promotion potential.
(e) All of the above.