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irga5000 [103]
3 years ago
12

12.Contrast and compare:a) ionic and covalent bonding​

Chemistry
1 answer:
Y_Kistochka [10]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Ionic bonds - an intramolecular force exist in a nonmetal and metal compounds such as NaCl. The Na donate 1 electon to Cl to complete its octet rule.

Covalent bond - an intramolecular force exist in a nonmetal and nonmetal compounds such as bonds O2, Cl2, CO2, sugar, proteins and most of organic compounds and biomolecules by sharing electrons to bond.

There are two types of covalent bonds: polar and nonpolar. Polar bond is a bond between two different nonmetal atoms of different electronegativities. While nonpolar bond is a bond between the same atom or two differenct atoms of the same electronegativities (if there is). Their electronegativities pull will cancel so that their overall polarity is zero.

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The standard free-energy change for this reaction in the direction written is 23.8 kJ/mol. The concentrationsof the three interm
Natali [406]

Answer: The actual free-energy change for the reaction  -8.64 kJ/mol.

Explanation:

The given reaction is as follows.

  Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate \rightleftharpoons Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + DHAP

For the given reaction, \Delta G^{o} is 23.8 kJ/mol.

As we know that,

       \Delta G = \Delta G^{o} + RT ln Q

Here,    R = 8.314 J/mol K,       T = 37^{o} C

                                                    = (37 + 273) K

                                                    = 310.15 K

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = 1.4 \times 10^{-5} M

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = 3 \times 10^{-6} M

DHAP = 1.6 \times 10^{-5} M

Expression for reaction quotient of this reaction is as follows.

    Reaction quotient = \frac{[DHAP][\text{glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate}]}{[/text{Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate}]}

        Q = \frac{1.6 \times 10^{-5} \times 3 \times 10^{-6}}{1.4 \times 10^{-5}}

            = 3.428 \times 10^{-6}

Now, we will calculate the value of \Delta G as follows.

          \Delta G = \Delta G^{o} + RT ln Q

                      = 23800 + 8.314 \times 310.15 \times ln(3.428 \times 10^{-6})

                      = -8647.73 J/mol

                      = -8.64 kJ/mol

Thus, we can conclude that the actual free-energy change for the reaction  -8.64 kJ/mol.

7 0
3 years ago
What amount of water is formed when 20 ml of 0.80 m hcl and 30 ml of 0.40 m naoh are mixed?
Yuri [45]

Answer: The amount of water formed is 12 moles

Explanation: Please see the attachments below

7 0
4 years ago
Using Le Châtelier’s Principle, explain why people suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning are given pure oxygen to breathe in
Bas_tet [7]

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Carbon monoxide is toxic because it can successfully competes with oxygen for hemoglobin (Hb) sites according to the following equilibrium:

Hb(O₂)₄(aq) + 4CO(g) ⇄ Hb(CO)₄(aq) + 4O₂(g)

Based on LeChatelier’s Principle, CO poisoning can be reversed by applying O₂(g) to victim. This addition of O₂(g) increases system concentration of O₂(g) in the equilibrium reaction thereby overloading the product side of the equilibrium forcing it to shift to the left, decomposing the  carboxyhemoglobin (Hb(CO)₄) and releasing the CO(g) and combining with O₂(g) to form more Hb(O₂)₄.  

7 0
3 years ago
Why are group 1 elements called alkali metals?
Andru [333]
Sure Maybe its because when they react with water the form  an alkali. For example NaOH -  from sodium.
4 0
3 years ago
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. What can you conclude about carbon from this fact?
Brut [27]

Answer:

Carbon has 6 electrons in the outside and 6 protons inside.

Explanation:

Carbon has a mass number A = 12 and an atomic number Z = 6. The latter means that the element has 6 protons inside and 6 electrons in the nucleus that neutralize said positive charge.

5 0
4 years ago
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