When an electron moves from a higher energy shell to a lower one, energy in the form of light, more specifically a wavelength of a photon is released.
Sulphate ion is used but fornyour kind information there ain't no place
Answer: penetration is the ability of an electron in a given orbital to approach the nucleus closely. Shielding refers to the fact that core electrons reduce the degree of nuclear attraction felt by the orbital electrons. Shielding is the opposite of penetration. The most penetrating orbital is the least screening orbital. The order of increasing shielding effect/decreasing penetration is s<p<d<f.
Explanation:
The order of penetrating power is 1s>2s>2p>3s>3p>4s>3d>4p>5s>4d>5p>6s>4f....
Since the 3p orbital is more penetrating than the 3d orbital, it will lie nearer to the nucleus and thus possess lower energy.
The poles are located at the 90 degrees. The poles are extremely cold environments. If you think about how relatively close to the pole 60 degrees would be, you can assume it would be cold but not as extreme. So short summer, cold winters seems to be the most accurate.
You can also see in a map (attached) where the 60 degrees parallel actually is, and you can see what the climate tends to be in those areas.