A study undertaken by an organization to identify its internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as its external opportunities and threats.
The fact that Sasha, who is a student in a sociology class, he was deducted points for his research paper for not citing a famous study done five years ago that was nearly identical to the research he conducted means that she should have done the step: review the evidence/literature more carefully.
By doing literature review Sasha will have shown that she has an in-depth grasp of her subject and that she understands where her research fits into.
