Answer:
The answer is given below
Explanation:
u is the initial velocity, v is the final velocity. Given that:
a)
The final velocity of cart 1 after collision is given as:
The final velocity of cart 2 after collision is given as:
b) Using the law of conservation of energy:
Answer: Gravitational force between the two masses does not depend on the medium separating two masses.
The higher density allows the protogalactic clouds to cool faster and form an elliptical galaxy rather than a spiral galaxy.
In physical cosmology, a protogalaxy or protogalactic cloud , which could also be called a "primeval galaxy", is a cloud of gas which is forming into a galaxy. It is believed that the rate of star formation during this period of galactic evolution will determine whether a galaxy is a spiral or elliptical galaxy; a slower star formation tends to produce a spiral galaxy. The smaller clumps of gas in a protogalaxy form into stars.
Composition
Since there had been no previous star formation to create other elements, protogalaxies would have been made up almost entirely of hydrogen and helium. The hydrogen would bond to form H2 molecules, with some exceptions. This would change as star formation began and produced more elements through the process of nuclear fusion.
Mechanics
Once a protogalaxy begins to form, all particles bound by its gravity begin to free fall towards it. The time taken for this free-fall to conclude can be approximated using the free-fall equations. Most galaxies have completed this free-fall stage to become stable elliptical or disk galaxies, the disks taking longer to fully form. The formation of galaxy clusters takes much longer and is still in progress now.
This stage is also where galaxies acquire most of their angular momentum. A protogalaxy acquires this due to gravitational influence from neighbouring dense clumps in the early universe, and the further the gas is away from the centre, the more spin it gets.
Learn more about protogalactic clouds here : brainly.com/question/28166070
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Personal space differs from culture to culture, though it is widely acknowledged that Europe and U.S have bigger personal space requirements that their counterparts in Asia.
Hakeem might not realize it but it’s commonly accepted for Americans to have a distance between four to twelve feet between one another in social settings, especially in professional ones. A distance of two feet is only acceptable if the individual is part of the person’s inner circle, such as friends and family.
