Answer:
All three of these bonds hold the R groups of the amino acids together.
Explanation:
The structures are stabilized by multiple interactions, specifically side chain functional groups which involve hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, covalent disulfide bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
- Hydrogen bonding
- Salt bridges (ionic bonding)
- Covalent disulfide bonds (Covalent Bonding)
- All in R groups
Option A: Postcranial changes in hominins that indicate bipedal locomotion include shortening and broadening of the ilium of the pelvic girdle.
Around 3 million years ago, bipedal locomotion in early hominins turned to be more effective. This adaption made the hominins more stable to hold their weight and walk upright. It also helped them to see longer distances in the green forests areas. They could take the advantage of hunting their food or protecting them from harmful predators. Adapting bipedal location expended lesser energy, thus allowing hominins to walk longer distances.
Over many generations now, bipedal location turned out to develop stronger and longer legs and feet so as to allow running and holding more weights. Additionally, the arms turned to be more adapted to hold the heavier things efficiently and to carry their newborns effectively.
Owing all these changes, adaption made to this kind of locomotion include shortening and broadening of the ilium of the pelvic girdle and developed a bowl-shape structure.
Thus, option A is the correct answer.
To know more about bipedal locomotion, refer to the following link:
brainly.com/question/28286095
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Involuntary muscles are the muscles that move without conscious control of the organism and are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
Some examples of this are:
• the ,cardiac muscle, (,heart,)
,
• smooth muscles,, like the ones found in the ,stomach,, ,intestine,, and, bladder.
Answer:
The answer is option A: True
Explanation:
Exposure to environmental stress or pathogens is the fuel that ensures the fitness as well as the survival of species population. These factors leads to adaptation of the cells of the species to survive.
