Answer:
Explanation:
The cell membrane separates the cell from the outer environment. The extracellular fluid contains the sodium ions (Na+), chloride ions (Cl-), while intracellular fluid contains potassium (K +) and negative anions.
The potential difference arises when the membrane is selectively permeable to some ions. The resting potential is -70mV.
When the neurons get excited, the sodium ions start to enter by sodium channels.
Now there are more positive ions inside the cell membrane. It disturbs the resting potential i.e. -70mV. This stage is known as depolarization.
When the inside environment of the cell is more positively charged, the potassium ions start to move out of the cell. It goes out by the voltage-gated channels. Thus resting stage is maintained and it is known as repolarization.
But the initial stability of the cell membrane has to be maintained. To restore the resting stage, the sodium ions start to move out of the membrane and potassium ions enter into the cells again. This is an active transport and has done by the Na+ - K+ pump. Here 3 sodium ions move out and 2 potassium ions pumped into the cell through the plasma membrane.
Thus the resting potential regains. The potassium ions come back into the cells against the concentration gradient and ATP provides the energy for this phenomena.
Answer:
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Explanation:
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Answer: A. In the electron transport chain, a series of reactions move electrons through carriers.
B. The products of the electron transport chain are H2O and either NAD or FAD.
E. The electron transport chain is a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Explanation:
the best suitable statement is it transfers energy stepwise from one compound to another, The electron transport chain is a series of proteins and organic molecules found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Electrons are transferred from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of redox reactions.
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AP Bio
Cel Biology-101
The chemical bond that occurs from the attraction of 2 oppositely charged atoms is an IONIC bond .
