Explanation:
Below is an attachment containing the solution.
Answer:
vb = 22.13 m/s
So, the only thing that was measured here was the height of point A relative to point B. And the Law of Conservation of Energy was used.
Explanation:
In order to find the speed of roller coaster at Point B, we will use the law of conservation of Energy. In this situation, the law of conservation of energy states that:
K.E at A + P.E at A = K.E at B + P.E at B
(1/2)mvₐ² + mghₐ = (1/2)m(vb)² + mg(hb)
(1/2)vₙ² + ghₐ = (1/2)(vb)² + g(hb)
where,
vₙ = velocity of roller coaster at point a = 0 m/s
hₙ = height of roller coaster at point a = 25 m
g = 9.8 m/s²
vb = velocity of roller coaster at point B = ?
hb = Height of Point B = 0 m (since, point is the reference point)
Therefore,
(1/2)(0 m/s)² + (9.8 m/s²)(25 m) = (1/2)(vb)² + (9.8 m/s²)(0 m)
245 m²/s² * 2 = vb²
vb = √(490 m²/s²)
<u>vb = 22.13 m/s</u>
<u>So, the only thing that was measured here was the height of point A relative to point B. And the Law of Conservation of Energy was used.</u>
Complete Question:
Given
at a point. What is the force per unit area at this point acting normal to the surface with
? Are there any shear stresses acting on this surface?
Answer:
Force per unit area, 
There are shear stresses acting on the surface since 
Explanation:
![\sigma = \left[\begin{array}{ccc}10&12&13\\12&11&15\\13&15&20\end{array}\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Csigma%20%3D%20%5Cleft%5B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bccc%7D10%2612%2613%5C%5C12%2611%2615%5C%5C13%2615%2620%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright%5D)
equation of the normal,
![\b n = \left[\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} }\\0\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} }\end{array}\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cb%20n%20%3D%20%5Cleft%5B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bccc%7D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%5C%5C0%5C%5C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright%5D)
Traction vector on n, 
![T_n = \left[\begin{array}{ccc}10&12&13\\12&11&15\\13&15&20\end{array}\right] \left[\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} }\\0\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} }\end{array}\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=T_n%20%3D%20%20%5Cleft%5B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bccc%7D10%2612%2613%5C%5C12%2611%2615%5C%5C13%2615%2620%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright%5D%20%5Cleft%5B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bccc%7D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%5C%5C0%5C%5C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright%5D)
![T_n = \left[\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{23}{\sqrt{2} }\\0\\\frac{27}{\sqrt{33} }\end{array}\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=T_n%20%3D%20%5Cleft%5B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bccc%7D%5Cfrac%7B23%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%5C%5C0%5C%5C%5Cfrac%7B27%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B33%7D%20%7D%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright%5D)

To get the Force per unit area acting normal to the surface, find the dot product of the traction vector and the normal.


If the shear stress,
, is calculated and it is not equal to zero, this means there are shear stresses.

![\tau = [\frac{23}{\sqrt{2} } \b e_x + \frac{27}{\sqrt{2} } \b e_y + \frac{33}{\sqrt{2} } \b e_z] - 28( (1/ \sqrt{2} ) \b e_x + (1/ \sqrt{2}) \b e_z)\\\\\tau = [\frac{23}{\sqrt{2} } \b e_x + \frac{27}{\sqrt{2} } \b e_y + \frac{33}{\sqrt{2} } \b e_z] - [ (28/ \sqrt{2} ) \b e_x + (28/ \sqrt{2}) \b e_z]\\\\\tau = \frac{-5}{\sqrt{2} } \b e_x + \frac{27}{\sqrt{2} } \b e_y + \frac{5}{\sqrt{2} } \b e_z](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctau%20%3D%20%20%5B%5Cfrac%7B23%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%20%5Cb%20e_x%20%2B%20%5Cfrac%7B27%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%20%5Cb%20e_y%20%2B%20%5Cfrac%7B33%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%20%5Cb%20e_z%5D%20-%2028%28%20%281%2F%20%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%29%20%5Cb%20e_x%20%2B%20%281%2F%20%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%29%20%5Cb%20e_z%29%5C%5C%5C%5C%5Ctau%20%3D%20%20%5B%5Cfrac%7B23%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%20%5Cb%20e_x%20%2B%20%5Cfrac%7B27%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%20%5Cb%20e_y%20%2B%20%5Cfrac%7B33%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%20%5Cb%20e_z%5D%20-%20%5B%20%2828%2F%20%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%29%20%5Cb%20e_x%20%2B%20%2828%2F%20%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%29%20%5Cb%20e_z%5D%5C%5C%5C%5C%5Ctau%20%3D%20%20%5Cfrac%7B-5%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%20%5Cb%20e_x%20%2B%20%5Cfrac%7B27%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%20%5Cb%20e_y%20%2B%20%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20%7D%20%5Cb%20e_z)

Since
, there are shear stresses acting on the surface.
<span>We can use Coulomb's law to find the force F acting on the proton that is released.
F = k x Q1 x Q2 / r^2
k = 9 x 10^9
Q1 is the charge on one proton which is 1.6 x 10^{-19} C
Q2 is the same charge on the other proton
r is the distance between the protons
F = (9x10^9) x (1.6 x 10^{-19} C) x (1.6 x 10^{-19} C) / (10^{-3})^2
F = 2.304 x 10^{-22} N
We can use the force to find the acceleration.
F = ma
a = F / m
a = (2.304 x 10^{-22} N) / (1.67 x 10^{-27} kg)
a = 1.38 x 10^5 m/s^2
The initial acceleration of the proton is 1.38 x 10^5 m/s^2</span>
In technical terms, every coil of wire increases the "magnetic flux density" (strength) of your magnet.
So it's A (magnetic field increase)