Answer:
The correct answer is option D.
Explanation:
Hamilton rules state that any trait that helps in benefiting others, B, is multiplied by genetic relatedness, R, which is greater than cot to self, C, it is favored by the process of natural selection.
As indicated by Hamilton's rule, the kin selection makes qualities increment in recurrence when the hereditary relatedness of a beneficiary to an actor multiplied by the advantage to the beneficiary is more noteworthy than the regenerative expense to the actor.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Ecological succession is a process of inhabiting a zoological area by a group of organisms. it involves many stages to reach the climax stage such as primary, secondary, tertiary names basing on the habitat where it occurs. once the organisms reach the most stable stage of the succession. thus it maintains equilibrium
Succession helps restore the equilibrium of an ecosystem by forming up new species, diversifying species, and basically by replacing the damaged, deranged, or disturbed community. For instance, when a sudden climate change occurred in a community, such as drought, dryness, fire, or heat waves, all living things that depends on water or survives in a cool, wet environment will die or migrate somewhere else. Thus, leaving that community vacant and/or unoccupied by any living things. Succession, then, will take place in that area by going through various stages until reaching the climax stage, in which the ecosystem is complete again. c: hope i helped :D
Answer:
In colder areas if it becomes warmer and hot which is the weather that area does not normally see then animals that live in this area may die or move locations fast because they are not made to live in hot places. Also nature, for example there are some plants and trees that are made to live in colder weather so when it becomes hot they will die and not grow in this area anymore becuase they cannot just get up and walk away as animals can.
Explanation:
The theory that explains this scenario is the tragedy of the commons theory.
<h3>What is the tragedy of the common theory?</h3>
It is an economic theory that explains how individual gains create a general problem in society at large.
When individuals pursue personal gains even at the expense of creating a general problem in society, it results in the tragedy of the common.
Indiscriminate dumping of garbage in the ocean by countries results in a general problem that affects the entire world vis a vis the collapse of many fishing industries.
Fishes represent a source of protein for man all over the world.
More on the tragedy of the commons can be found here: brainly.com/question/9680058
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Cell walls are thicker than cell membranes, and can therefore support the cell well. They keep a strong boundary for the protection of the cell, but can let water and some nutrients through to nourish and power the cell. Hope this helps! :)
