Answer:
a

b

Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The mass of the rock is 
The length of the small object from the rock is 
The length of the small object from the branch 
An image representing this lever set-up is shown on the first uploaded image
Here the small object acts as a fulcrum
The force exerted by the weight of the rock is mathematically evaluated as

substituting values


So at equilibrium the sum of the moment about the fulcrum is mathematically represented as

Here
is very small so
and 
Hence

=> 
substituting values


The mechanical advantage is mathematically evaluated as

substituting values


<h2>
The seagull's approximate height above the ground at the time the clam was dropped is 4 m</h2>
Explanation:
We have equation of motion s = ut + 0.5 at²
Initial velocity, u = 0 m/s
Acceleration, a = 9.81 m/s²
Time, t = 3 s
Substituting
s = ut + 0.5 at²
s = 0 x 3 + 0.5 x 9.81 x 3²
s = 44.145 m
The seagull's approximate height above the ground at the time the clam was dropped is 4 m
*FRICTIONAL FORCE* in the opposite direction of the way Bobby is pushing.
Friction is a force which varies but it is always opposing the direction of motion.
*APPLIED FORCE* is the force that Bobby is pushing with.
An applied force is literally the force that is applied to an object.
*WEIGHT FORCE* is also called the force of gravity. It is straight downward.
It is the weight of the object multiplied by the force of gravity. If the TV weighed 100kg, acceleration is always 9.81 m/s^2, so the weight force would be 981 N.
*NORMAL FORCE* is the force which is holding the TV above ground. The ground supplies a force upward against the TV.
Normal force is just the force that prevents the TV from falling through the ground. We don't normally realize it in our everyday life, but the floor must hold everything up because gravity is always "pushing" against it.