The results indicate that two independently assorting genes are involved (modified 9:3:3:1 ratio), with white blocking the expression of color by the other gene. The ratio of white : color pups is 3:1, indicating that the F.1 is heterogeneous (W/w). Among colored dogs, the ratio is 3 black : 1 brown, indicating that black is dominant to brown, and the F.1 is heterogeneous (B/b). The original brown dog is w/w ; b/b, and the original white dog is W/W ; B/B. The F.1 progeny are W/w ; B/b, and the F.2 progeny are: 12: 3: 1.
NAD+ accepts a hydrogen ion (H+) and two electrons (2e−), as it becomes reduced to NADH + H+. The NADH moves to the electron transport chain and donates a pair of electrons (becomes oxidized) to the first compound in the chain.
