Answer:
Six electrons are transferred in the formation of Al₂O₃.
Explanation:
Aluminium metal and Oxygen react to form Al₂O₃ as,
2 Al + 3/2 O₂ → Al₂O₃
Oxidation number of Al on left hand side is zero, while than on right hand side in Al₂O₃ is +3. Means it has lost 3 electrons per one atom and six electrons per two atoms. Also, the oxidation number of O at left hand side in O₂ is zero, while that in Al₂O₃ it is -2 per atom and -6 per 3 atoms.
So, two Al atoms have lost 6 electrons and 3 O atoms have gained six electrons.
Dumping waste is different from dilution and dispersion. Dumping waste is directly disposing your waste and not regulating its effect to the environment. Dilution is done usually before waste water disposal, meaning adding water to the waste to minimize its concentration.
Answer:
The temperature should be higher than 437.9 Kelvin (or 164.75 °C) to be spontaneous
Explanation:
<u>Step 1:</u> Data given
ΔH∘=20.1 kJ/mol
ΔS is 45.9 J/K
<u>Step 2:</u> When is the reaction spontaneous
Consider temperature and pressure = constant.
The conditions for spontaneous reactions are:
ΔH <0
ΔS > 0
ΔG <0 The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures
ΔH <0
ΔS <0
ΔG <0 The reaction is spontaneous at low temperatures ( ΔH - T*ΔS <0)
ΔH >0
ΔS >0
ΔG <0 The reaction is spontaneous at high temperatures ( ΔH - T*ΔS <0)
<u>Step 3:</u> Calculate the temperature
ΔG <0 = ΔH - T*ΔS
T*ΔS > ΔH
T > ΔH/ΔS
In this situation:
T > (20100 J)/(45.9 J/K)
T > 437.9 K
T > 164.75 °C
The temperature should be higher than 437.9 Kelvin (or 164.75 °C) to be spontaneous
Ionic bond forms between metal and non-metal.
Na is a metal, and F is a nonmetal.
Na and F form ionic bond.
The more focused the rays are, the more energy an area receives, and the warmer it is. The lowest latitudes get the most energy from the Sun. The highest latitudes get the least. The difference in solar energy received at different latitudes drives atmospheric circulation.
