Answer:
Equilibrium in ecology refers to a state that occurs such that a small disturbance or change is counter balanced by another change so that the community is restored to its original state. Thus, as a community goes through multiple changes through each stage of succession, it is not in equilibrium.
Answer: I think it’s the first one
441 g CaCO₃ would have to be decomposed to produce 247 g of CaO
<h3>Further explanation</h3>
Reaction
Decomposition of CaCO₃
CaCO₃ ⇒ CaO + CO₂
mass CaO = 247 g
mol of CaO(MW=56 g/mol) :

From equation, mol ratio CaCO₃ : CaO = 1 : 1, so mol CaO :

mass CaCO₃(MW=100 g/mol) :

Molar volume is a property of a component in a solution. It is defined as the volume occupied by one mole of the component in the closed system. You would not expect all solutions to execute volume additivity because intermolecular forces between the components come into play. There is no such thing as conservation of volume.
Vapor pressure affects molar volume because gases are very sensitive by these process conditions. Vapor pressure is very temperature-dependent. Consequently, at a different temperature, your component could expand or compress, thus, affecting the molar volume. Moreover, the pressure affects the molecular collisions in the system.
Each column is called a group<span>. The elements in each </span>group have<span> the same number of electrons in the outer orbital. Those outer electrons are also called valence electrons.</span>