To know this you pretty much do have to kind of memorize a few electronegativities. I don't recall ever getting a table of electronegativities on an exam.
From the structure, you have:
I remember the following electronegativities most because they are fairly patterned:
EN
H
=
2.1
EN
C
=
2.5
EN
N
=
3.0
EN
O
=
3.5
EN
F
=
4.0
EN
Cl
=
3.5
Notice how carbon through fluorine go in increments of
~
0.5
. I believe Pauling made it that way when he determined electronegativities in the '30s.
Δ
EN
C
−
Cl
=
1.0
Δ
EN
C
−
H
=
0.4
Δ
EN
C
−
C
=
0.0
Δ
EN
C
−
O
=
1.0
Δ
EN
O
−
H
=
1.4
So naturally, with the greatest electronegativity difference of
4.0
−
2.5
=
1.5
, the
C
−
F
bond is most polar, i.e. that bond's electron distribution is the most drawn towards the more electronegative compound as compared to the rest.
When the electron distribution is polarized and drawn towards a more electronegative atom, the less electronegative atom has to move inwards because its nucleus was previously favorably attracted to the electrons from the other atom.
That means generally, the greater the electronegativity difference between two atoms is, the shorter you can expect the bond to be, insofar as the electronegative atom is the same size as another comparable electronegative atom.
However, examining actual data, we would see that on average, in conditions without other bond polarizations occuring:
r
C
−
Cl
≈
177 pm
r
C
−
C
≈
154 pm
r
C
−
O
≈
143 pm
r
C
−
F
≈
135 pm
r
C
−
H
≈
109 pm
r
O
−
H
≈
96 pm
So it is not necessarily the least electronegativity difference that gives the longest bond.
Therefore, you cannot simply consider electronegativity. Examining the radii of the atoms, you should notice that chlorine is the biggest atom in the compound.
r
Cl
≈
79 pm
r
C
≈
70 pm
r
H
≈
53 pm
r
O
≈
60 pm
So assuming the answer is truly
C
−
C
, what would have to hold true is that:
The
C
−
F
bond polarization makes the carbon more electropositive (which is true).
The now more electropositive carbon wishes to attract bonding pairs from chlorine closer, thereby shortening the
C
−
Cl
bond, and potentially the
C
−
H
bond (which is probably true).
The shortening of the
C
−
Cl
bond is somehow enough to be shorter than the
C
−
C
bond (this is debatable).
Answer:
![H_2(g)+O_2(g)\rightarrow H_2O_2(g)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=H_2%28g%29%2BO_2%28g%29%5Crightarrow%20H_2O_2%28g%29)
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, since the formation reaction of a compound is undergone when the pure elements composing it are combined, for gaseous hydrogen peroxide, gaseous diatomic hydrogen and oxygen (standard state) must be combined in order to obtain the gaseous hydrogen peroxide as shown below:
![H_2(g)+O_2(g)\rightarrow H_2O_2(g)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=H_2%28g%29%2BO_2%28g%29%5Crightarrow%20H_2O_2%28g%29)
Whereas it is proved there are two hydrogen and oxygen atoms at each side of the chemical equation and therefore it is balanced.
Best regards!
Answer:If an atom loses or gains a proton, it becomes a new element. For example, if a sodium atom loses a proton, it would become a negative ion of neon. ... In nuclear reactions, like nuclear fusion, the electrons play minor roles and it is the nucleons that interact to create new elements
Explanation:
(84.4C - 76.5C) / (5.03 C/m) = 1.5706 m
(1.5706 mol) / (1000 g CC14) X (25.00 G CC14) = 0.039265 mol
(5.00 g) / (0.039265 mol) = 127 g/mol