Answer:
η = 40 %
Explanation:
Given that
Qa ,Heat addition= 1000 J
Qr,Heat rejection= 600 J
Work done ,W= 400 J
We know that ,efficiency of a engine given as

Now by putting the values in the above equation ,then we get

η = 0.4
The efficiency in percentage is given as
η = 0.4 x 100 %
η = 40 %
Therefore the answer will be 40%.
Answer: work must be done on the system (Option A)
Explanation:
The second law of thermodynamics is the fundamental law of nature; it states that energy can be transferred from cold objects to hot objects only, if work is done on the system. If energy is added to the system then as a result the thermal energy would increase. Second law of thermodynamics is used to determine whether a process is spontaneous or not. Moreover,the second law of thermodynamics is also used in refrigerators.
Electromagnets can be turned off, this makes it easier to release things from the magnetic field.
Hope this helps :)