Strabismus may cause reduced vision, or amblyopia, in the misaligned eye. The brain will pay attention to the image of the straight eye and ignore the image of the crossed eye. If the same eye is consistently ignored during early childhood, this misaligned eye may fail to develop good vision, or may even lose vision.
Yes, there are many of these kind of procedures, and here are some examples, like deep palpation and percussion, examination of the ear-drum or inside the nose
E86.0 is the ICD-10 code for dehydration