When an object heats up, it __. When an object cools down, it __.
2 answers:
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Answer : The correct option is, (d) sublimation of dry ice.
Explanation :
Entropy : It is defined as the measurement of randomness or disorderedness in a system.
The order of entropy will be,
As we are moving from solid state to liquid state to gaseous state, the entropy will be increases due to the increase in the disorderedness.
As we are moving from gaseous state to liquid state to solid state, the entropy will be decreases due to the decrease in the disorderedness.
(a) Condensation of steam.
Condensation : It is a type of process in which the phase changes from gaseous state to liquid state at constant temperature.
In this process, phase changes from gaseous state to liquid state that means the degree of disorderedness decreases. So, the entropy will also decreases.
(b) Reaction of magnesium with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
In this reaction, the randomness of reactant molecules are more (solid+gas) and as we move towards the formation of product the randomness become less (solid) that means the degree of disorderedness decreases. So, the entropy will also decreases.
(d) Reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia.
In this reaction, the randomness of reactant molecules are more (2 moles of gas) and as we move towards the formation of product the randomness become less (1 mole of gas) that means the degree of disorderedness decreases. So, the entropy will also decreases.
(d) Sublimation of dry ice.
Sublimation : It is a type of process in which the phase changes from solid state to gaseous state without passing through the liquid state at constant temperature.
In this process, phase changes from solid state to gaseous state that means the degree of disorderedness increases. So, the entropy will also increases.
Answers:
1. CO₂ < Ar < N₂ < He;
2. Cl₂ < CO₂ < Ar < N₂ < H₂
Step-by-step explanation:
Graham’s Law applies to the diffusion of gases:
The rate of diffusion (r) of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass (M).
If you have two gases, the ratio of their rates of diffusion is
1. Order of diffusion rates
According to Graham's Law, the lightest gases will have the highest diffusion rates and the heavier gases the slowest.
The molecular masses of the gases are:
Ar 39.95; CO₂ 44.01; He 4.00; N₂ 28.02
Putting them in order,we get
44.01 > 39.95 > 28.02 > 4.00
CO₂ > Ar > N₂ > He
Thus, the relative rates of diffusion are
CO₂ < Ar < N₂ < He
2. Order of molecular speeds
A postulate of the Kinetic Molecular Theory is that at a given temperature, the average kinetic energy of the molecules is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature.
KE = ½ mv² ∝ T
mv² ∝ T Divide each side by m
v² ∝ T/m
If T is constant.
v² ∝ 1/m Take the square root of each side
v ∝ 1/√m
This is an inverse relationship, so the molecules with the smallest molecular mass should have the highest average speeds.
The molecular masses of the gases are:
N₂ 28.02; H₂ 2.016; Cl₂ 70.91; CO₂ 44.01; Ar 39.95
Putting them in order. we get
70.91 > 44.01 > 39.95 > 28.02 > 2.016
Cl₂ > CO₂ > Ar > N₂ > H₂
Thus, the relative molecular speeds are
Cl₂ < CO₂ < Ar < N₂ < H₂
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