Answer:
- <u>Higher acidity (lower pH) making it a better cleaning solution because it will be able to kill more microorganisms</u>
Explanation:
The higher the percentage of the vinegar solution, the higher the molar concentration of hydrodium ions, [H₃O⁺].
pH is a measure of the concentration of H₃O⁺ ions:
![pH=\log\dfrac{1}{[H_3O^+]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%3D%5Clog%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5D%7D)
The lower the pH the more acidic the solution.
Thus, the higher the percentage of vinegar, the higher [H₃O⁺], the lower the pH, and the more acidic the solution.
The feature that makes vinegar a good cleaning agent is its acidity: high acidity environments are inhospitable for many microorganisms.
Thus, the advantage of a vinegar with 6 - 15% acetic acid is its higher acidity (lower pH), which makes it more suitable to kill more microorganisms.
Since you have not included the chemical reaction I will explain you in detail.
1) To determine the limiting agent you need two things:
- the balanced chemical equation
- the amount of every reactant involved as per the chemical equation
2) The work is:
- state the mole ratios of all the reactants: these are the ratios of the coefficientes of the reactans in the balanced chemical equation.
- determine the number of moles of each reactant with this formula:
number of moles = (mass in grams) / (molar mass)
- set the proportion with the two ratios (theoretical moles and actual moles)
- compare which reactant is below than the stated by the theoretical ratio.
3) Example: determine the limiting agent in this reaction if there are 100 grams of each reactant:
i) Chemical equation: H₂ + O₂ → H₂O
ii) Balanced chemical equation: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
iii) Theoretical mole ration of the reactants: 2 moles H₂ : 1 mol O₂
iv) Covert 100 g of H₂ into number of moles
n = 100g / 2g/mol = 50 mol of H₂
v) Convert 100 g of O₂ to moles:
n = 100 g / 32 g/mol = 3.125 mol
vi) Actual ratio: 50 mol H₂ / 3.125 mol O₂
vii) Compare the two ratios:
2 mol H₂ / 1 mol O ₂ < 50 mol H₂ / 3.125 mol O₂
Conclusion: the actual ratio of H₂ to O₂ is greater than the theoretical ratio, meaning that the H₂ is in excess respect to the O₂. And that means that O₂ will be consumed completely while some H₂ will remain without react.
Therefore, the O₂ is the limiting reactant in this example.
Galileo was the first scientist to measure speed as distance over time.
