Answer: C. Optimization
Explanation:
In the decision making system, TPS is considered to be the input in the systems thinking example.
In the decision making system, optimization is considered to be the process in the systems thinking example.
In the decision making system, TPS is considered to be the input in the systems thinking example.
In the decision making system, a forecast is considered to be the output in the systems thinking example.
Answer:
d. multiple firms would likely each have to pay large fixed costs to develop their own network of pipes.
Explanation:
Option a is wrong because:
The initial investment is very high, therefore, the more firms competing will only increase the required investments and fixed costs associated with them, e.g. depreciation, maintenance. That is why the lowest average costs is generally achieved when only one firm serves this type of market.
Option b is wrong because:
A natural monopoly exists because it is extremely difficult for two or more competing firms to exist. Generally the required investment is very high, and the revenues are not large enough to allow two or more firms to compete.
Option c is wrong because:
Utilities require large initial investments, but once they are set up, the production costs are very small. I.e. the fixed costs are more relevant than the variable costs. Average production costs as decrease as the quantity produced increases.
Answer:
c $4,450 U
Explanation:
The computation of the Variable overhead spending variance is shown below:
= (Standard variable overhead Rate × Actual Hour) - (Actual Rate × Actual Hour)
= ($12 × 400 units × 5.6 hours) - ($31,330)
= $26,880 - $31,330
= $4,450 Unfavorable
The (Actual Rate × Actual Hour) is also called as Actual variable overhead.
All other information which is given is not relevant. Hence, ignored it
