A pump must be able to deliver 34 L/s of crude castor oil at 25°C ρ = 0.934 g/mL and μ = 0.078 Pa.s. It is known that, due to th
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Castor oil is increasingly becoming an important bio-based raw material for industrial applications. The oil is non-edible and can be extracted from castor seeds from the castor plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. The oil is a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid esters linked to a glycerol. The presence of hydroxyl group, a double bond, carboxylic group and a long chain hydrocarbon in ricinoleic acid (a major component of the oil), offer several possibilities of transforming it into variety of materials. The oil is thus a potential alternative to petroleum-based starting chemicals for the production of materials with variety of properties. Despite this huge potential, very little has recently been reviewed on the use of castor oil as a bio-resource in the production of functional materials. This review therefore highlights the potential of castor oil in the production of these diverse materials with their projected global market potential. The review gives the background information of castor oil and its geographical availability, the properties and its uses as bio-based resource for synthesis of various materials. The review further highlights on the use of castor oil or ricinoleic acid as a green capping agent in the synthesis of nanomaterials.
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The maximum volume flow rate of kerosene is 8.3 L/s
<h3>What is the maximum volume flow rate?</h3>In fluid dynamics, the maximum volume flow rate (Q) is the volume or amount of fluid flowing via a required cross-sectional area per unit time.
In fluid mechanics, using the following relation, we can determine the maximum volume flow rate of kerosene.
- Power = mass flow rate(m) × specific work(w) --- (1)
- Specific work = acceleration due to gravity (g) × head (h) ---- (2)
- Mass flow rate (m) = density (ρ) × volume flow rate (Q) --- (3)
By combining the three equations together, we have:
The power gained through the fluid pump to be:
- P = ρ × Q × g × h
Making Q the subject, we have:
where:
- P = 2 kW = 2000 W
- ρ = 0.820 kg/L
- g = 9.8 m/s
- h = 30 m
Q = 0.008296 m³/s
Q ≅ 8.3 L/s
Learn more about the maximum volume flow rate here:
Answer:
Check the explanation
Explanation:
To write the closed-loop transfer function for the system and determine the closed-loop pole locations as well as to determine the damping ratio and the natural frequency, we will be be doing a step by step calculation and explanation including the graphical presentation as seen in the attached images below.
