The circumference of a circle is the distance around the outside of the circle. The diameter is the distance across the circle. It must pass through the center or the circle. For any circle, regardless of diameter, there is a consistent ratio between the circle's circumference and the length of its diameter.
        
             
        
        
        
Let's re-read the statement and question, and then break it down.
He charges a flat fee of $38, plus $22 per hour.
A flat fee of $38 is only a one-time pay, and will never be paid for again.
This means if after two hours, we only add $38 once overall, never more.
Every hour that goes by, he earns $22 each hour.
Now that we've broken this down, we can make an equation.
Let's do 1 hour.
1(22) + 38 = 22 + 38, = 60.
For 1 hour he earns $60.
Let's do 2 hours.
2(22) + 38 = 44 + 38, = 82.
For 2 hours he earns $82.
Let's do 3 hours.
3(22) + 38 = 66 + 38, = 104.
For 3 hours he earns $104.
Let's do 4 hours.
4(22) + 38 = 88 + 38, = 126.
For 4 hours he earns $126.
This is a pattern.
Now let's do 8 hours, which is the main question, "How much does he make in 8 hours?".
8(22) + 38 = 176 + 38, = 214.
For 8 hours he earns $214.
I hope this helps!
        
                    
             
        
        
        
So ratio is there are 10 pairs of white socks and 21 pairs of socks total so the answer is
21:10
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Four? Isn't it stated in the question? Unless I am assuming wrong.