Answer:
Ionization energy of the metal and electron affinity of the nonmetal
Explanation:
An ionic bond is formed when a metal transfers electrons to a nonmetal.
M· + A ⟶ M⁺ + ·A⁻
The two main factors affecting this process are the
- Ionization energy of the metal
- Electron affinity of the nonmetal
1. Ionization energy
The lower the ionization energy of the metal, the more likely it is able to donate an electron.
2. Electron affinity
The higher the electron affinity of the nonmetal, the more likely it is to accept an electron,
3. Periodic trends
(a) Ionization Energy
Ionization energy increases from bottom to top and from left to right in the Periodic Table.
Thus, the atoms with the lowest ionization energy are in the lower left corner of the Periodic Table.
(b) Electron affinity
Electron affinity increases from bottom to top and from left to right in the Periodic Table.
Thus, the atoms with the highest electron affinity are in the upper right corner of the Periodic Table.
Explanation:
When a plate moves it shifts the earth, and it can cause an earthquake.
A fault is where two of earth's tectonic plates come together. They can slide against the other, causing earthquakes, they can push against each other causing mountains to form, and they can move apart from each other, causing valleys or trenches.
Cl is stable as a diatomic molecule where the 2 Cl atoms are held together by a covalent bond
molar mass of the diatomic molecule is 70.9 g/mol
therefore 70.9 g of Cl₂ is - 1 mol
then 140 g of Cl₂ is - 1/70.9 x 140 = 1.97 mol
there are 1.97 mol of Cl₂ present
Answer:
True; When one side of a molecule is electronegative (δ-) and the other side of the
molecule is electropositive (δ+), it is said to have a dipole moment.
Explanation:
A dipole moment exists in a molecule as a result of differences in the electronegativity values between the atoms of the elements involved in the chemical bonding.
When a strogly electronegative atom such as oxygen or chlorine is chemically bonded to a less electronegative or an electropositive atom such as hydrogen, there is an uneven sharing of the electrons involved in the bonding. The more electronegative atoms tends to draw the shared electrons mostly to themselves. This induces a partially negative charge (δ-) on them while leaving the electropositive atoms with a partially positive charge (δ+).
Water is an example of a molecule having a dipole moment. The oxygen atoms are more electronegative than hydrogen and as such draw the shared electrons to themselves more, inducing a partial positive charge (δ+) on the hydrogen atoms while they themselves develop a partial negative charge (δ-).
Answer:
Solar energy absorbed at Earth’s surface is radiated back into the atmosphere as heat. As the heat makes its way through the atmosphere and back out to space, greenhouse gases absorb much of it. Why do greenhouse gases absorb heat? Greenhouse gases are more complex than other gas molecules in the atmosphere, with a structure that can absorb heat. They radiate the heat back to the Earth's surface, to another greenhouse gas molecule, or out to space.
There are several different types of greenhouse gases. The major ones are carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide. These gas molecules all are made of three or more atoms. The atoms are held together loosely enough that they vibrate when they absorb heat. Eventually, the vibrating molecules release the radiation, which will likely be absorbed by another greenhouse gas molecule. This process keeps heat near the Earth’s surface. Most of the gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen and oxygen, which cannot absorb heat and contribute to the greenhouse effect.
Explanation:
